This dissertation has as its theme the literature of José Saramago and its interface with concepts of the classical and contemporary sociology. Taking as main corpus the books A Caverna, Ensaio sobre a cegueira, Ensaio sobre a lucidez e Todos os nomes, I propose to analyze the relationship between the literature of José Saramago and contemporary society and, in general, the relation between sociology and literature as complementary narratives about the social universe. The central question that must be posed is the possibility of articulating, through Saramago's work, sociology and literature as forms of expression of the same dilemmas that mark the human experience of being-in-the-world. Through the presentation of the novels in the form of three essays, I defend, through the theoretical contribution of Zygmunt Bauman, Wolf Lepenies and Beatriz Sarlo, that the work of Saramago presents important contributions to sociology, insofar as it thematizes relevant issues: the estrangement of the subject from totalizing structures, the normalization of the state of exception, the emergence of the precariat in the face of globalization, the consumer society. I also advocate a greater proximity between literature and sociology, in order to overcome the hermeneutic-positivist dichotomy that marked much of the sociological production since the creation of the discipline.