Imaging and Modeling of GPR data in tufa deposits, Potiguar Basin, Quixeré, CE
Tufas; GPR; Digital Outcrop Model
The tufa deposits investigated in this study correspond to Quaternary continental carbonate deposits that occur discontinuously along the eastern and southeastern escarpments of the Potiguar Basin. In addition to their paleoenvironmental significance, these rocks are relevant as analogues for carbonate reservoirs due to their depositional, deformational, and petrophysical heterogeneities. Furthermore, they provide valuable analogues for understanding the development of karst-related features and dissolution processes that commonly influence fluid flow and reservoir performance in carbonate systems. The study area comprises an inactive tufa deposit exposed along a road cut on the CE-377 highway and in an abandoned quarry near the city of Quixeré, Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a mesoscopic characterization of these deposits through the integrated analysis of outcrop observations, shallow borehole data, and geophysical information. This multidisciplinary approach aimed to establish geological-geophysical correlations, identify the principal depositional and deformational heterogeneities, reduce interpretational ambiguities, and support the construction of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of the investigated tufa deposits. RPAS imaging covered an area of 31,000 m², with a spatial resolution of 1.24 cm/pixel. Six GPR profiles were acquired in the SW-NE direction and two profiles in the SE-NW direction, using a 200 MHz antenna. The calculated vertical resolution was 17 cm. The maximum investigation depth reached approximately 9.5 m. One previously acquired GPR profile was also incorporated and reprocessed. Based on the RPAS data, high resolution digital models (DEM and DTM) were generated, representing the external geometry of the outcrop. The GPR profiles enabled the investigation of depositional and deformational heterogeneities in the subsurface. The borehole cores provided direct geological information from the outcrop. All these data were incorporated into the MOVE™ modeling software. In this software, DOMs were generated that honor the internal and external geometries of the Quixeré outcrop