STRATIGRAPHIC-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCAREOUS TUFA DEPOSITS IN THE SERRA DAS ARARAS, PANTANAL BASIN (MT)
Tufas; Pantanal Basin; Serra das Araras; Sedimentary Facies; Petrography; Depositional Environments
The continental carbonates are an important record in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental studies, and in recent years, there has been greater development in studies of hydrocarbon reservoir rock in the Brazilian pre-salt. Tufas are rocks formed from the precipitation of fluids rich in calcium carbonate and bicarbonate at ambient temperature when compared to travertines. Their genesis is related to a combination of physicochemical and biological processes (photosynthesis and CO2 loss associated with bacteriological activity) and degassing processes. The occurrence of these Quaternary age deposits adjacent to the Pantanal Basin develops in the Serra da Bodoquena, Bonito municipality (MS), and in the Serra das Araras, Cáceres municipality region (MT). The objective of this work is the mapping of these deposits and the characterization of the main sedimentary facies for the interpretation of the principal depositional environments related to the Serra das Araras (MT) and adjacent areas. The mapping of these deposits, along with sedimentological, stratigraphic, and petrographic studies, were carried out. The deposits studied are formed by inactive and active tufas, related to the mountain range and a fluvial (waterfall) environment, and are composed of two faciological associations: phytoclastic and phytohermal. In both deposits, these facies show excellent preservation of phytoclasts, formed by sparry calcite crystals and subsequent micritization processes, shrubs with arborescent and pustular morphology, external (superficial) and internal (karstification) processes, and laminar flow structures developed by wet and dry periods. Moldic and intergranular porosity develop from the phytoclasts and depositional processes. The depositional environments of these deposits were i) slope system or perched springline environment and ii) fluvial tufa.