THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN USED TERRITORY, NEOLIBERALISM, AND RELIGION
Therapeutic Communities. Neoliberalism. Used Territory. Public Policies.
The objective of this dissertation is to understand the insertion of Therapeutic Communities (TCs) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) within the context of the neoliberalization of public mental health policies, investigates how these institutions appropriate and utilize territory, establishing themselves as alternatives to the shortage of public facilities and the advancement of the privatization of psychosocial care services. Grounded in critical geography and anchored in Milton Santos' concept of used territory, the research analyzes the interactions between neoliberalism, religion, and mental health, considering the public funding of TCs and their articulation with religious practices in the treatment of psychoactive substance (PS) users. The methodological approach combines qualitative and quantitative methods, including documentary and bibliographic research, financial analysis of public transfers to TCs, geographic mapping of the institutions, and semi-structured interviews with managers, professionals, and users. Preliminary findings reveal the consolidation of TCs as a mechanism of indirect privatization of public mental health policies in RN through the systematic allocation of state resources to private, predominantly religious institutions that adopt therapeutic models centered on discipline, spirituality, and abstinence, in contrast to the guidelines of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Additionally, there is a spatial concentration of these institutions in remote areas, which fosters social isolation practices and hinders access to complementary public services, shaping a process of selective and unequal territorialization of mental health care. Based on these findings, the research contributes to the academic debate on the territorial and political impacts of TCs, highlighting the need for greater oversight, transparency in public funding, and the strengthening of the Psychosocial Care Network (PCN) to ensure the right to mental health in a public, secular and evidence-based manner.