USED TERRITORY AND PATENT PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL: THE RELEVANCE OF EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
Used territory, Territorial Innovation System (TIS), intellectual property patents, Technological innovation, Spatial inequalities
The meio técnico-científico-informacional has been characterized by the efforts of both Global North and Global South countries to stand out in the fields of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ST&I), in a scenario where techniques and scientific knowledge play a central role in the production of technological innovations. Thus, with the aim of building a solid foundation of knowledge and technology to drive economic growth and promote social well-being, countries have sought to secure patents as a means of ensuring the commercial exploitation of their creations. This process involves various actors, including the state, educational and research institutions, companies, and researchers. This research seeks to contribute to the understanding of these dynamics in Brasil, particularly in the Região Nordeste (NE), within a context marked by socio-spatial inequalities. From this perspective, the following question arises: What uses of the territory in the Região NE can be identified through the development of research leading to patent acquisition? In response, the proposed hypothesis is that there is a territorial innovation system in the Região NE, albeit still peripheral, in which educational and research institutions, particularly public ones, are the main agents utilizing the territory for patent production. However, this use is selective and reinforces spatial inequalities. Furthermore, it is suggested that these institutions play a crucial role in creating new technologies and fostering strategic collaborations that strengthen regional innovation capacity. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to understand the use of the territory by educational and research institutions in the Região NE for the creation of technological innovations through patent production between 1990 and 2023. The research treats these institutions as agents, geographic fixtures, and technical objects that utilize the territory, thereby generating flows of knowledge and innovation and contributing to territorial dynamics. The study employs a methodological approach divided into five stages: 1) a bibliographic and documentary review on innovation, territory, and patents; 2) the collection of secondary data from governmental and institutional sources; 3) the analysis of normative documents and innovation policies; 4) the collection of primary data through fieldwork, questionnaires, and interviews; and 5) the production of visual elements, such as maps and graphs. The dissertation utilizes analytical categories such as the território usado, the tecnoesfera/psicoesfera, and the territorial innovation system to understand the dynamics related to territory and technological innovation. In this way, the research aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between territory and technological innovation in peripheral contexts.