Petroleum is a complex blend of hydrocarbons and other compounds containing S, N, O and heavy metals, which can be organized from the simple form to complex structures. As a consequence of oil’s composition and the conditions into reservoir some heavier components precipitate and by their own characteristic act actively on the rock inverting the wettability, so that they settle and cause reduction of the permeability, impacting on the production or injection of fluids, being classified as formation damage. The emphasis of this work is damage of organic origin, in specific caused by the asphaltenes that are polar organic compounds of high molecular weight with large number of aromatic rings and heteroatoms present dispersed in oils. This work evaluated the permeability changes of the crushed Botucatu Sandstone (ABT) bed submitted to damaging mixtures constituted of Fazenda Belém/n-heptane (FZBHEP), in the proportions 3: 7, 5: 5 and 7: 3, and the recovery of permeability when submitted to chemical treatment, after damage, with two microemulsion systems (SMEA and SMEU), differing by the surfactant used. The SMEU system was chosen for a 2³ factorial statistical study and the optimal point was compared to the treatment commonly used in the industry. The results showed that Fazenda Belém Oil is a heavy oil, very viscous at room temperature, contains about 1.2% of possible asphaltenes, and that after the damage was formed, the permeability was reduced by 85,5%.The microemulsion was able to recover part of the permeability, proving to be effective for the treatment of organic origin damage taking advantage mainly in environmental issues and in the potential to be more difficult to remove from the pores interface, making the treatment more durable.