MAPING AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROSPECTION OF E-METHANOL PRODUCTION
E-fuel, Power-To-X, Green hydrogen, Technological alternatives, Patent analysis.
As the energy transition progresses globally, countries must unite to achieve the goals set out in the Paris Agreement, limiting the Earth's temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2050. From this perspective, green hydrogen (GH2) is positioned as fundamental to the decarbonization of the global economy, and methanol produced from green hydrogen (GH2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), known as e-methanol, has been gaining attention in this scenario. Brazil stands out as one of the largest onshore wind energy generators worldwide, with significant offshore wind potential (over 1.200 GW). Thus, the Northeast region, particularly the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, has been considered ideal for the production of GH2 at a lower levelized cost compared to other countries. E-methanol, in turn, stands out as a highly versatile chemical for various sectors of the chemical industry, such as the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and plastics. Furthermore, e-methanol is considered a high-energy-density fuel compared to compressed and liquid hydrogen, and is easy to store and transport, as it is liquid at room temperature and pressure. Therefore, this work aims to map current technological pathways and trends for e-methanol production using renewable energy sources. Therefore, the research was developed in two stages: 1) research and analysis of current technological pathways for e-methanol production through a systematic literature review protocol; and 2) research and analysis of technological patents related to e-methanol production. This work results in a comprehensive study of the status of e-methanol production technologies, including a comparative analysis of operating conditions, current technology status, limitations, and opportunities. It also outlines and proposes evolutionary trends and challenges related to production processes through a critical analysis of patents, understanding the current situation of the scientific community, the market, and society regarding the commercial implementation of e-methanol.