EVALUATION OF CARBONATE ROCK ACIDIZING UNDER DAMAGE SCENARIOS
Damage formation, Matrix acidizing, Carbonate rocks, PVbt curve.
Among the stages of the well life cycle, drilling represents the initial and decisive phase, as it enables the connection between the surface and the reservoir, allowing subsequent field development. During this stage, the drilling fluid performs essential functions such as lubricating the drill bit, stabilizing the wellbore walls, and preventing the premature and undesirable influx of reservoir fluids (kicks and blowouts). To achieve this, it is circulated at a pressure higher than the pore pressure (overbalanced condition), acting as the primary well control and safety mechanism. However, this first contact between the fluid and the formation can cause one of the most significant alterations in the porous medium, known as formation damage, characterized by a reduction in permeability in the near-wellbore region (NWR) and, consequently, a decrease in productivity and/or injectivity. To mitigate these effects, stimulation techniques are employed, with matrix acidizing using hydrochloric acid (HCl) being particularly important in carbonate reservoirs. In this process, the acid dissolves the rock matrix, creating high-conductivity channels (wormholes) that enhance fluid flow. The efficiency of this treatment depends on several operational and reservoir factors, such as temperature, mineralogy, permeability, and acid type. Nevertheless, it remains essential to understand how the damage induced by the drilling fluid influences the reactive behavior and dissolution patterns during acidizing. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate how prior contact between the rock and the drilling fluid affects the matrix acidizing process. To this end, core flooding experiments will be conducted under reservoir conditions using both intact carbonate rocks and rocks previously damaged by water-based drilling fluid. Different injection rates of 15 wt% HCl containing field-grade additives (corrosion inhibitor and emulsion preventer) will be applied. These tests will allow the determination of the pore volume to breakthrough (PVbt) and the identification of the optimal injection rate. Additionally, to support the interpretation of the flow experiments, physicochemical characterizations of the fluids and rocks will be performed, along with post-test analyses, including face inspection and X-ray microcomputed tomography, which enables visualization of the generated wormholes, as well as complementary bench-scale tests to elucidate rock–fluid and fluid–fluid interactions.