Active methodologies in health education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care: Group educational intervention and development of educational technology in a Basic Health Unit in downtown Currais Novos/RN.
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; health education; primary health care; educational technology; active learning.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an important public health problem that requires educational strategies capable of strengthening self-care and increasing users’ participation in disease management. In this context, health education developed within Primary Health Care has significant potential, especially when based on participatory methodologies centered on individuals. This study aimed to develop a group educational intervention for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus followed in Primary Health Care, using active teaching-learning methodologies and developing an educational folder as a support technology for the educational process. This is an applied study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, conducted in a Basic Health Unit in the municipality of Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In the diagnostic stage, 45 individuals with T2DM participated and were evaluated through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKN-A). Subsequently, an educational intervention structured into three face-to-face meetings was developed, based on active methodologies, problem-posing education, and experiential learning. The results showed a predominance of elderly female participants with low educational level and frequent associated comorbidities. The mean DKN-A score was 6.7 points, with predominance of insufficient knowledge about diabetes. Educational activities promoted active participation, exchange of experiences, and collective construction of knowledge, highlighting the use of manipulable materials, visual resources, and interactive dynamics. As an educational product, an educational folder was developed using accessible language and practical guidance. It is concluded that the use of active methodologies and participatory strategies was relevant for the construction of meaningful teaching-learning processes within Primary Health Care, contributing to the strengthening of self-care and autonomy among people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.