PROCESSING OF SYNTAX IN MUSIC: AN EEG STUDY
PERCEPTION, SYNTAX, MUSIC, EEG
In order to make sense out of a sequence of sounds in music, our brain must meaningfully fit and recombine acoustic events into a hierarchic online stream. Although these information units are auditively delivered in sequences with local connections (one after the other), it is assumed that long term dependencies are established counting on memory traces to sustain recursiveness in time. Despite theoretical and empirical consensus, there is yet no clear physiological evidence of the temporal dimension of syntactic relations in music.
We investigated whether there is quantifiable neural activity suggesting the existence of a mental representation for fundamental music syntax rules like tonic-dominant-tonic chords. For such, we compared brain electric activity in 24 subjects (12 musicians, 12 non-musicians) aroused by original and harmonically modified versions of J.S. Bach chorales, using electroencephalography (EEG). Chorales were built by two phrases: initiated by a tonic and arriving in a dominant chord two bars away (first phrase), and concluded in a tonic chord three bars after the dominant (second phrase). Modified versions were created either by elevating or lowering the first, therefore keeping the second phrase intact. We compared the brain electric response for the last chord in both versions.