Child Sexual Violence in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic: The Perspective of Residents and Preceptors on Care for Victims
Child Sexual Violence; Health Professional Education; Health Care; Preceptorship
Introduction: Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a serious public health issue with long-lasting physical, psychological, and social repercussions. Care for these victims in health services requires qualified professionals and an articulated protection network. In this context, in-service training, such as that offered in multiprofessional residency programs, becomes a privileged locus for qualifying care. Objective: To understand the perception of medical professionals, preceptors, and residents of a pediatric outpatient clinic regarding the care process for victims of child sexual violence and its relationship with professional training. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study carried out at the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), in Natal/RN. The research included nine medical professionals, including preceptors and residents. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed, and the data were analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis technique. The study was approved by the HUOL Research Ethics Committee (Opinion No. 7,275,276). Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that professionals understand child sexual violence in its complexity, ranging from acts involving physical contact to forms of exploitation and harassment. Several difficulties in care were identified, notably approaching the victim and family, the absence or lack of knowledge of a clear institutional flow, and the fragility of the protection network. The work of the multiprofessional team and the establishment of a bond of trust with the child were pointed out as facilitators. The absence of a formal protocol was a consensus, generating insecurity and weaknesses in case management. Final Considerations: The study points out the need to qualify professional training and service organization to care for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence. Implementing institutional protocols, continuing education, and intersectoral articulation are fundamental strategies to ensure comprehensive, humanized, and non-revictimizing care.