Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the ICF in health services: a scoping review
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Health Services; Implementation Science; Barriers; Facilitators
Introduction: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health represented a milestone in the understanding of functioning and disability and has been widely used in clinical practice, health management, and research. Despite its relevance, the implementation of the ICF in health services remains heterogeneous and faces challenges across different healthcare contexts. Evidence regarding barriers and facilitators remains fragmented, hindering the development of effective and context-specific implementation strategies. Objective: This scoping review aims to map the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of the ICF in health services. Methods: This scoping review will follow the methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods primary studies describing the implementation of the ICF in health services will be included, with no language restrictions, and published from 2001 onwards. Searches will be conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and PEDro databases. Study selection will be carried out in two stages by two independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Disagreements will be resolved through consensus or by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a previously developed standardized spreadsheet and synthesized descriptively and narratively, focusing on barriers, facilitators, implementation strategies, and contexts of ICF application. Expected Results: This review is expected to synthesize the evidence on ICF implementation in health services by identifying barriers, facilitators, contexts, and implementation strategies. The findings may support the improvement of healthcare practice, guide decision-making, strengthen the incorporation of the ICF into healthcare delivery, and inform future research.