"No ideologies, no bureaucracies": regional disintegration in South America
Regional Integration. Ultraliberalism. Governments. South America.
Progressists governments or the "pink wave" in South America in the 2000s reshaped regional integration, creating and modifying their initiatives, seeing it as an instrument for joint confrontation of regional problems and adding it to their government programs. In 2003, the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) had been relaunched, varying its agenda with the inclusion of social, cultural and educational issues, among others. The following year, in 2004, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) was created, in 2008, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and, in 2012, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). However, as of 2012, the ultraliberal right, through coups d'état and electoral processes, had returned to power in some South American countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Equador, Paraguai and Uruguai. Considering that the regional integration and the governments are strictly connected phenomena, it asks: how ultraliberal governments influencing the South American regional integration? A central hypothesis is that the ultraliberal governments are provoking a regional disintegration, in order to dissolve, make flexibility and make strictly commercial the South American regional integration initiatives MERCOSUR and UNASUR. Moreover, the ultraliberal governments are weakening and leaving UNASUR and the ultraliberal governments are making MERCOSUR more flexible and strictly commercial. Objective to analyze the influence of ultraliberal governments in the South American regional integration. To this end, it is indispensable to build a theoretical framework on South American regionalism, and its initiatives, and on ultraliberalism and the use of documentary sources on regional integration initiatives and ultraliberal governments, such as news, minutes, declarations and speeches by presidents.