The feasibility of applying the geophysical method (Ground Penetrating Radar GPR) to earth dams: a case study of the Santa Cruz do Trairi dam.
Earth dams; Geophysical method; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR); Shallow investigations.
This study evaluated the feasibility of applying the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) electromagnetic geophysical method to an earthen dam. The study area corresponds to the Santa Cruz do Trairi Public Reservoir, located in the municipality of Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The geophysical investigation comprised the acquisition of 13 (thirteen) GPR profiles, subdivided into 43 (forty-three) longitudinal segments distributed along the left abutment (upstream alignment), right abutment (downstream alignment), and crest of the dam, in addition to 10 (ten) segments on the downstream slope and 8 (eight) transverse profiles on the same slope, including one profile positioned at the base (profile 9). The measurements were performed with a 200 MHz (two hundred megahertz) antenna, suitable for shallow investigations in geotechnical structures. Additionally, aerial photogrammetry and GNSS positioning techniques were used, providing topographic georeferencing and millimeter accuracy for data processing and interpretation. GPR profiles were processed using ReflexW™ software (version 10.5), and the products from aerial photogrammetry and GNSS were processed using Agisoft Metashape Pro™, Petrel™, and MOVE™ software (academic version 2024.1, Petroleum Experts), respectively. The results allowed for the analysis of the electromagnetic response of the dam's constituent materials and a discussion of the method's potential as a non-destructive inspection tool for earth dams lacking construction documentation, highlighting the identification of internal homogeneous zones and the method's limitations in the studied context.