State of the Art on Supervision Tools for Vaccine Rooms: Foundations for the Development of a Digital Application.
Immunization. Health Monitoring. Process Assessment in Health Care. Digital Public Health. Nursing.
The supervision of vaccination rooms is essential to ensure the quality of care in immunization services. To this end, tools in the form of checklists or printed forms are used. Despite technological advances, these tools continue to be applied manually, often with limitations related to the standardization and systematization of data collection, lacking standardized criteria for qualifying the results obtained. Thus, the aim is to map, identify, and synthesize all tools, whether digital or not, that support the supervision process of vaccination rooms, with a view to designing a web application prototype based on scientific evidence. This tool would aim to optimize the supervision process, support decision-making, and strengthen the quality of immunization services within the context of primary health care. A scoping review was conducted following the JBI guidelines, carried out in three search phases. In the first phase, searches were conducted in the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO via Web of Science, LILACS, and ScienceDirect. The second phase included a search of grey literature through the CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Portal, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Google Scholar. In the third phase, a manual search of reference lists was performed. Complete studies addressing supervision in vaccination rooms were included, with no time frame or language restrictions. Protocols, letters to the editor, editorials, commentaries, and abstracts were excluded. Of the 3,506 studies identified, 32 were included in the final sample. Among the main strengths identified were the organization and optimization of work processes, the performance and engagement of the nursing team in decision-making, and the strengthening of self-efficacy and confidence among health professionals. Reported barriers included operational and organizational failures, work and activity overload, and underutilization of data from the immunization information system. It was concluded that the main supervision tool identified was the Evaluation Program of the Vaccination Room Supervision Instrument of the Ministry of Health (Brazil). However, the literature presents other tools considered relevant for the development of the proposed web application with an innovative approach. The synthesis of the data obtained in this review has the potential to guide the construction of a digital tool that optimizes the supervision process of vaccination rooms, thereby contributing to service improvement and patient safety.