PRECEPTORSHIP DEVELOPED BY NURSES: PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES IN THE LIGHT OF NEW METHODOLOGIES AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Nursing. Preceptorship. Active Methodologies.
The present study aimed to develop a model based on active methodologies and digital technologies, to subsidize the practice of preceptorship in nursing, aiming to improve the methodological processes of teaching in the wards of the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL) located in Natal/RN. It consists of an action-research with an interpretative paradigm and a qualitative approach, focusing on mapping and the possibility of proposing a model to support the practice of preceptorship in nursing based on active methodologies, especially the PBL. The population consisted of twenty-three clinical nurses who tutor students in the undergraduate and residency courses in nursing at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The empirical research was carried out in October 2022 through an online questionnaire, after agreement with the TCLE by the respondents. It had the consent of the institution where the study was developed and approval by the Research Ethics Committee of UFRN, according to CAAE n° 63349722.2.0000.5537. The analysis of the information was carried out from the content analysis, in the thematic modality. Thus, four categories were defined a priori, named as follows: Skills for exercising preceptorship; Difficulties/challenges for acting in preceptorship; Methodologies used in preceptorship; Suggestions for improving the activity. The results indicate that, despite the limiting factors of the activity, such as the absence of a specific workload, training and integration with the services, these nurses have positive opinions about this experience and recognize themselves as a fundamental piece in the integration of theory and practice, contributing to a differentiated training of these students for the job market. As a product of this study, the Practical Guide for Preceptors in Nursing was collectively constructed, using the ADDIE model of Contextualized Instructional Design, guided by the use of active teaching methodologies, especially problem-based learning (PBL), as a possibility of ( re)signification of preceptorship practice, promoting changes in the teaching and learning process in the hospital environment.