Morphological differentiation and geographical expansion of venomous coralsnakes species from the Micrurus ibiboboca complex (Merrem, 1820): different approaches
Geographic variation; sexual dimorphism; species delimitation.
The snakes of the family Elapidae include globally famous representatives such as the black mamba, the green mamba, the king cobra, and the cobras, known for their high toxicity and ecological importance. In the New World, this family is represented by true coral snakes, which stand out for their striking coloration and reclusive behavior, in addition to possessing a potent neurotoxic venom. Due to the significant overlap of diagnostic characteristics, extensive revisions and descriptions of new species are commonly conducted using morphological and molecular traits, as they also encompass immense cryptic diversity. Recently, the Micrurus ibiboboca species complex was revised, leading to the redescription of the taxon of the same name and the description of three new species: Micrurus anibal, Micrurus bonita, and Micrurus janisrozei. However, these species fall into the case of extensive overlap in diagnostic traits, making it highly relevant to use different tools to investigate their differences. Additionally, since these species were previously identified under the same name, it is of great interest to examine their morphological variations using different approaches. Given this context, this study aims to investigate geographical variations in M. bonita, M. ibiboboca, and M. janisrozei, as well as to test sexual dimorphism in the three taxa and species delimitation within the group using geometric morphometric techniques. Morphological variations along a latitudinal gradient were detected in M. bonita and M. ibiboboca; however, variations among M. bonita and M. janisrozei individuals occurring in different Morphoclimatic Domains were not observed. At the same time, this study expands the geographical distribution of M. ibiboboca and M. janisrozei. The results also demonstrate that all four species exhibit significant differences in head shape, but only M. bonita showed sexual dimorphism in both size and shape, while M. janisrozei exhibited sexual dimorphism only in shape.