Construction of a Housing Vulnerability Indicator: Analysis of Housing Conditions of Social Program Beneficiaries in the Major Regions of Brazil (2013/2023)
Housing; Social programs; Housing inadequacy; Regional disparities; PCA.
Housing is a fundamental social right; however, challenges persist, especially for low-income families in Brazil, who still face inadequate living conditions. Demographic transition influences household composition and housing demand, while public policies, such as the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program, exhibit limitations in resource allocation and infrastructure provision. In this context, this study aims to construct an indicator to assess housing vulnerability among beneficiaries of Social Cash Transfer Programs in Brazil's five major regions in the years 2013 and 2023. The objective is to identify regional vulnerability patterns and analyze the effectiveness of these policies in improving housing conditions. The methodology is based on the analysis of microdata from the first visit of the Continuous PNAD survey to construct the indicator, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce data dimensionality and identify the main factors associated with housing inadequacy. The selected variables encompass demographic, socioeconomic, and structural aspects of housing, allowing for a quantitative and exploratory approach. This enables the assessment of housing conditions over the decade, highlighting regional disparities and providing insights to improve housing-related public policies.