Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: CARLOS ADRIÁN GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : CARLOS ADRIÁN GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ
DATA : 29/11/2017
HORA: 14:00
LOCAL: Sala de reuniões da Ecologia
TÍTULO:

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS as DRIVERS of MACRO and MICROEVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES in COMPLEX LANDSCAPES 

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Bioacoustics, Climatic Heterogeneity, Genetic Divergence, Isolation, Landscape Genetics, Macroecology, Macroevolution, Mountains, Speciation, Topographic Complexity

PÁGINAS: 75
GRANDE ÁREA: Ciências Biológicas
ÁREA: Ecologia
RESUMO:

Mountain areas of the world cover less than 15% of global land surface; nevertheless, they concentrate around

90% of the hotspots of species diversity and 40% of the hotspots of endemism. Evidence suggest that factors such

as topographic complexity, climatic heterogeneity and their historical dynamics in mountains may play an important

role in the evolution and maintenance of their rich biotas. With my thesis, I aim to evaluate the role of such factors

in both macro (i.e. global speciation patterns) and microevolutionary (i.e. intra-specific genetic and trait

divergence) scales, using amphibians as study system. In the first chapter, I tested in a global scale the Montane

Pumps hypothesis, which proposes that speciation rates are faster in mountains explaining higher diversities in

those regions. To this end, I used a near complete Amphibian phylogeny containing 7238 species (>90% of extant

diversity) and conducted a Bayesian Analysis in Macroevolutionary Admixtures (BAMM) to estimate speciation

rates. Then I spatialized this information using available range maps to explore Amphibian geographic patterns of

speciation and evaluated its association with complex terrains by estimating a global index of topographic

complexity. I found that globally, speciation rates are faster in regions of high topographic complexity

independently of latitude. I deconstructed such pattern by repeating the analyses using the Wallace’s

Zoogeographic regions, taking into account regional independent evolutionary histories and found the same trend

in eight out of the total 11 zoogeographical realms. In the second chapter, I assess the relative role of different

components of the landscape in promoting lineage diversification across the roughed topography of Isthmian

Central America (ICA: Costa Rica & Panama), a geologically young but highly biodiverse region. Here I used

mitochondrial DNA to estimate genetic divergence within 11 amphibian species (9 anurans and 2 salamanders)

with different ecological attributes that co-occur in the region. Then, I use a Multiple Matrix of Regression with

Randomization and Generalized Dissimilarity Matrix analyses to quantify the relative role of isolation by distance,

environment and resistance (topography and suitability) in shaping geographic patterns of genetic structure within

each species. I have found idiosyncratic responses that may reflect specific aspects of their life histories and could

give insights on the role of ICA as engine of speciation. In the third chapter, I am testing how climatic and

topographic barriers may influence variation in advertisement calls, an important behavioral trait that have

species-specific features and may play a major role in species recognition and serve as a mechanism for

reproductive isolation. For this chapter I recorded advertisement calls of 221 males from 3 species of

Diasporus frogs distributed in Costa Rica. I made recordings at 30 sites across the country ranging from sea level

to 2800 meters elevation. I use this information to conduct bioacoustic analyses to 1.Document geographic

variation and 2.Test if geographic distance, physical or ecological barriers among populations, or adaptation to

local conditions could shape such patterns. To this end, I incorporate spatial analyses (niche models, terrain

roughness estimations and circuit theory) to generate levels of population isolation and apply Generalized

Dissimilarity Matrix test to address this question, this chapter is still in process.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 1715227 - GABRIEL CORREA COSTA
Interno - 1678338 - ADRIAN ANTONIO GARDA
Interno - 1451741 - MARCIO ZIKAN CARDOSO