Development of the Game Design Document for a Serious game for health education of patients in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Educational Technology; Health Education; Nursing; Validation Studies; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Serious Games are an innovative educational technology with broad applicability in the health field. The relevance of this game is even more evident when considering hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a therapeutic procedure with high potential for morbidity and mortality due to complications. An essential preliminary step for Serious Games is the development of the Game Design Document, a descriptive material composed of content and dialogues. Thus, the research question was defined: Is the Game Design Document for a Serious Game for health education of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation valid? In view of this, the objective is to develop the Game Design Document for a Serious Game for health education of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is a methodological study with a quantitative approach, based on the psychometric framework of Pasquali et al, which encompasses a set of three procedures: theoretical, empirical and analytical. For the theoretical procedures, a scoping review was carried out to map the contents for self-care of transplant patients and the Game Design Document was constructed with the selected contents. The empirical procedures involved two phases to evaluate the psychometric properties. In the first phase, the selection of expert judges was carried out, who wer e recruited through searches on the Lattes platform and who met the adapted Fehring (1994) criteria. In the second phase, the Game Design Document was validated using the Delphi technique. This validation was carried out through a questionnaire via Google Forms, where the judges evaluated the criteria proposed by Pasquali et al. Finally, the analytical procedures were performed by calculating content validation and level of agreement among the judges. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and obtained a favorable opinion on May 8, 2024, under CAAE: 77538424.5.0000.5537. The ethical standards of the research were followed and the anonymity of the participants was preserved. The main results were the mapping of guidelines that address the care needed by the patient both in the hospital environment and at home. Thus, the initial and secondary interfaces and four scripts were constructed, namely: glossary, pre-, intra- and post-transplant periods. After the construction of the scripts that composed the Game Design Document, the material was submitted to the Delphi I and II stages for content validation. Thus, after Delphi II, the initial and secondary interfaces and the scripts presented a content validation coefficient above 0.8 and an agreement level equal to or greater than 80%. Therefore, the Game Design Document is valid for composing a Serious game for health education of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study presents as a contribution the validated Game Design Document that will compose a Serious game to support health education of patients, in order to promote learning in an interactive and meaningful way, considering the complexity to which these patients are exposed. Therefore, it is emphasized that continued research is necessary to validate appearance, usability and effectiveness in order to prove the efficacy of the technology.