ANALYSIS OF PLASMA MIRNOME IN POST-COVID COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION
Post-COVID Cognitive Dysfunction; miRNAs. Neuroinflammation; Biomarkers.
Long COVID is characterized by the persistence or emergence of symptoms following the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with cognitive complaints being among the most frequently reported manifestations. Given the growing need for molecular markers to aid in the screening and understanding of these disturbances, this case–control study aimed to investigate the differential expression profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in individuals with persistent cognitive complaints after COVID-19. A total of 120 participants were equally distributed between the Long COVID and control groups. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected, along with biological samples and cognitive assessment using the MoCA-B test. Differential expression analysis revealed upregulation of hsa-miR-16-5p and downregulation of hsa-miR-3168 in the cognitively affected group. Functional pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these miRNAs are involved in biological processes related to neuroinflammation. In the MoCA-B test, the Long COVID group showed significantly lower scores compared to controls, with notably poorer performance among women and individuals aged 18 to 30 years. Additionally, a higher number of SARS-CoV-2 infections was associated with the presence of cognitive symptoms. These findings suggest that the identified miRNAs may be associated with the development and pathophysiology of Post-COVID Cognitive Dysfunction (PCCD), and may serve as potential biomarkers for its screening, ultimately contributing to improved clinical management of this condition.