Hydrophilic fraction of Selaginella convoluta shoots extract: chemical characterization and embryotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Selaginella convoluta, Zebrafish, Toxicity, Behaviour, Natural products, Plant biotechnology.
Selaginella convoluta is a prominent species within the biodiversity of the Caatinga, known
for its desiccation tolerance properties. Recent investigations into this plant have further
explored these characteristics through proteomic data, while phytochemical studies have
highlighted its significant richness in phenolic compounds. Building upon previous research
on the potential of S. convoluta, this study presents data on its biological potential using the
zebrafish (Danio rerio) alternative model. To this end, the chemical composition and
embryotoxicity of the hydrophilic fraction of the extract from the aerial parts of S. convoluta
were analyzed. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified various phenolic compounds, including
biflavonoids, selaginellins, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, marking the first
identification of selaginpulvilin A and seladoeflavone in this species. In the zebrafish
embryotoxicity assay, no toxicity or teratogenic effects were observed following acute
exposure. The fraction was also evaluated for its potential to enhance learning and memory
processes through an associative conditioning test, as well as for its protective effects against
alcohol-induced oxidative stress. The results indicated that treatment with the fraction
improved the fishes’ learning and memory. Furthermore, the fraction demonstrated potential
in mitigating oxidative stress, possibly due to its high antioxidant content. Given the
increasing use of the zebrafish model in natural product research, the study also discusses the
observed implications of interactions within these fields, using alkaloids in zebrafish as a case
study. This preliminary thesis version presents the first investigations of S. convoluta in
zebrafish, while research related to topics such as biosynthesis and biotechnological
applications remains under development and further exploration.