"The relationship between labour, rationality and technology in Marcuse's work"
Technology; Rationality; Labor; Critical Theory
The aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate the relationship between the concepts of work, rationality, and technology in Herbert Marcuse's work between 1928 and 1964, with the ultimate aim of contextualizing the critique of technology in One-Dimensional Man. To this end, relevant works from three different moments in this period were selected. Firstly, we investigate the role of the notion of labor both in Marcuse's re-reading of Heideggerian phenomenology, which he intended to use to complement Marxism, and in his own ontological conception of labor. Secondly, it is shown how, after joining the Institute for Social Research, there is a rationalist turn in Marcuse's thinking. The second chapter of this work aims to show how Marcuse set rationality as a parameter for a social organization aimed at human fulfillment, without, however, failing to criticize some of its developments and assumptions. In this context, Marcuse writes his first critique of technology, which is analyzed in this dissertation alongside his critique of rationality and some excerpts from Marx on the development of industry. In the third chapter, labor, rationality, and technology converge in Marcuse's analysis of one-dimensional society. The aim is to show how, in Marcuse's work, the ambiguity of technology and its effects on labor are directly related to the ambiguity of rationality itself. Finally, it presents some of the solutions proposed by Marcuse to bring together the realms of necessity and freedom. In the light of the research, the aim is to contribute to the current debates on the subject, particularly those postulated by Andrew Feenberg and John Abromeit.