THE AMBIGUITY OF RHETORIC SPEECH: THE PATHS OF PERSUASION (PEITHÓ) AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR PHILOSOPHY IN THE PLATO’S GORGIAS.
Ambiguity; Persuasion; Rhetoric; Socrates; Plato; Gorgias.
This essay presents a study about the Gorgias dialogue, by Plato, expounding that this piece is a reflection on the Platonic criticism to sophist Rhetoric, developing the idea that it is empeiria, producer of flattery (κολακευτική). We find ambiguous elements that show that despite criticizing persuasion (πειθώ), Socrates recognizes it as an essential requisite to conduct the elenchos (ελενκος). In the dialogue, Socrates sees himself before three interlocutors, Gorgias, Polo and Callicles. The latter being his one chief tormentor. We acknowledge the dialogue in its historical-cultural context, since Rhetoric and its element of persuasion were Greek culture's constitutive inputs. We consider that Plato's intent is to rethink the sophists rhetorical and persuasive elements in order to expose the "true rhetoric", that it, Philosophy. For this, Plato makes an analysis of the persuasive rhetoric, placing before his master an exponent of the sophistry, Gorgias; and seeks to unveil its art (τέχνη). However, although we can recognize in it the necessary elements, the dialogue ends without a dialogue, since there is no persuasion on either sides. We consider that all these points will be relevant to understand persuasion (πειθώ) as one of the basic elements of Greek orality and Platonic dialectics.