The Blackening of Brazil: An Analysis of Black and Antiracist Cinema in the 2020s
Black cinema; antiracism; Afro-Brazilian identity; representation; audiovisual narrative.
This Master's qualification text aims to analyze the role of Black and antiracist Brazilian cinema in constructing narratives of resistance during the 2020s. Based on an exploratory qualitative approach, a multiple case study was conducted on five films directed by Black filmmakers between 2020 and 2023: Medida Provisória (2020), Cabeça de Nêgo (2020), Doutor Gama (2021), Pureza (2022) and Ó Paí, Ó 2 (2023). Amid the intensification of public debate on racism and social justice, there has been a noticeable growth in audiovisual productions created by Black filmmakers, centered on Afro-Brazilian experiences. However, a significant gap remains in academic research regarding the critical analysis and systematization of this emerging cycle in Black cinema. In light of this, the study seeks to answer the following central question: What social role can Black Brazilian cinema of the 2020s play in the construction of antiracist consciousness? This research investigates how these films, featuring Black protagonists and themes grounded in Black experiences, contribute to confronting structural and institutional racism and affirming Black identities. The theoretical framework includes authors such as Florestan Fernandes, Kabengele Munanga, Joel Zito Araújo, Noel dos Santos Carvalho, João Carlos Rodrigues, Abdias Nascimento, Lélia Gonzalez, Neusa Santos Souza, Beatriz Nascimento, Guerreiro Ramos, Clóvis Moura, Jessé Souza, W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Angela Davis and bell hooks, in addition to studies on representation, racial identity, film sociology and culture. The methodology combines film analysis, interviews with Black cinema professionals, and literature review, aiming for data triangulation. This study highlights cinema as a tool for social transformation, capable of challenging stereotypes and fostering critical awareness of racial inequalities. By emphasizing the power of Black narratives in recent Brazilian audiovisual production, this research seeks to contribute to the broader field of art, culture and racial justice in a postcolonial context.