PUBLIC POLICIES, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT: COMPARING URBAN ACCESSIBILITY STRATEGIES IN SEATTLE/US AND NATAL/RN
Public Policy. Urban Accessibility. Technology Innovation. Social Engagement.
Equal access to services, goods, and environments in urban spaces has long been a privilege few enjoy. Historical records reveal that cities were built to serve the interests of a minority, while the majority of inhabitants were spatially segregated, as they did not have access to the city where they lived. The sociological model of disability replaced the biomedical model and redefined disability as a product of the interaction between a person with physical or sensory limitations and an environment composed of barriers. Its dissemination and adoption by official diplomas transferred the responsibility to the public authorities to be an active agent in eliminating the obstacles that persist in excluding people with disabilities from urban social life. Based on the assumption that urban accessibility is a multifaceted problem across different disciplines and of a global nature, this research sought to investigate which strategies are being used to implement urban accessibility in Natal/RN and Seattle/US. The qualitative method was adopted as a methodology, embodied in a literature review, semi-structured interviews with municipal public managers, academic researchers, and entities representing people with disabilities in the two cities mentioned, participant observation in workshops, study groups, virtual seminars, and focus groups. The study found that both cities have robust legislation on the subject and social actors who have adopted a legalistic stance in seeking to file lawsuits to coerce the State into conforming urban spaces to accessibility standards. Both have grassroots organizations that work to generate social engagement among people with disabilities and people without disabilities, but they differ in terms of technological innovation. In Natal/RN, technological innovation is majorly concentrated in the health area whereas in Seattle/US is focused on urban accessibility.