Influence of stratigraphy on hydrothermal silicification in the Afonso Bezerra Fault System, Potiguar Basin, Brazil
Hydrothermal Pipes; Seismic Attributes; Fluid escape; Seismic interpretation; silicification
The Potiguar Basin, located at the easternmost part of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, is known for its structural complexity, characterized by horsts, grabens, and extensive fault systems that control hydrocarbon circulation, hydrothermal fluid flow, and basin geometry. However, little is known about how different lithological units influence the behavior of hydrothermal silicification. This study utilizes 2D and 3D seismic data to investigate the impact of the silicification process on the thickness of different lithological units (carbonates, siliciclastics, and crystalline rocks). To achieve this, a conventional interpretation was performed to identify three distinct units in a seismic volume: (i) crystalline basement rocks; (ii) siliciclastic rocks of the Açu Formation; and (iii) carbonate rocks of the Jandaíra Formation. Additionally, we employed a combination of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and variance attributes to enhance hydrothermal silicification bodies in the subsurface. The combination of these attributes enabled the high-resolution delineation of the silicified geobody distribution and identification of significant thickness variations in each lithological unit. The results reveal significant silicification thickness variations among the analyzed lithological units. In the carbonate rocks of the Jandaíra Formation, silica deposition results in thicker bodies associated with greater structural connectivity. In the siliciclastic rocks of the Açu Formation, silica infill in the porous matrix reduces the observed thickness. In the crystalline basement, silicification is localized in fault zones, reflecting the strong tectonic control on the distribution of hydrothermal pipes. This approach offers an improved methodology for seismic characterization of reservoirs, providing a framework for evaluating diagenetic processes in passive margin basins. It contributes to the development of more efficient exploration and production strategies in geologically challenging environments, such as the Potiguar Basin.