Imaging, parameterization and modeling of structural and karst features in carbonate reservoirs analogues
Reservoir analogues; LiDAR; ERT; GPR; Digital Models
Geophysical imaging and digital modeling of analogous outcrops of oil reservoirs can contribute to improve the knowledge of the distribution of heterogeneities (ducts or flow barriers) and to the prediction of porosities at different scales in carbonate reservoirs such as Pre-salt. The correlation between high surface and subsurface spatial data allows a differentiated analysis of the fracture network and associated karst characteristics, with the imaging and parameterization of the features of interest, thus allowing the elaboration of more reliable models that allow the recognition of heterogeneities at subseismic scale. In this study will be employed the technologies Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR); and Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and Electrical (ER) geophysical methods for the imaging of the Gruta dos Brejões cave, located in Bahia State, Irecê Basin, Salitre Formation. This study aims the characterization and modeling of structural and karst features in carbonate rocks in order to explain the relationships between fracture patterns and surface interpreted karst features and their subsurface geophysical signatures. In this step 03 geoelectric profiles were acquired, with Dipolo-Dipolo (DD) and Schlumberger (SC) arrangements, perpendicular to the main cave conduit, totaling 1.44 km of nonlinear data. The georeferenced geoelectric profiles were correlated to the geometric and spatial reference parameters, obtained from LiDAR sections and 3D virtual models (3.5 km long) of the Gruta dos Brejões cave and with the subsurface projection of the main trends NNE-SSW, NW-SE and NE-SW, interpreted in the UAV images. Preliminary results show that the ER method was efficient for imagining fracture corridors filled with water or more conductive material (<500 Ohm.m); non-fractured carbonate rocks or carbonate rocks or carbonate rocks with closed fractures (500 to 1500 Ohm.m); carbonate with open or closed fractures, without water in the interstices (1500 to 8000 Ohm.m); and air-filled cavities (> 8000 Ohm.m).