METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF ROCK LANDFORMS
geodiversity; pareidolia; aesthetics; culture.
Reflections on geodiversity have introduced new ways of understanding abiotic components to geography, highlighting their fragility, risks, and relevance to nature conservation. However, rocky elements such as granite and sandstone remain undervalued in conservation practices, despite their importance. Therefore, this research aimed to propose an evaluation method that considers pareidolia and values scientific and aesthetic aspects as central, focusing on two mountainous areas in Rio Grande do Norte, namely the Martins-Portalegre Complex and the Agreste Mountains. The choice of the mentioned empirical framework is due to the significant occurrence and representativity of the plutons of the Itaporanga Intrusive Suite (Serrinha dos Pintos and Portalegre Plutons, and Monte das Gameleiras Pluton), as well as the quantity of landforms associated with this lithodemic unit. For the theoretical basis, we drew on classics in the field such as Gray (2004, 2013), Brilha (2005, 2016), Panizza (2001), Pereira (2006), Reynard (2006) and Pralong (2006), Coratza and Giusti (2007), Reynard and Coratza (2018), Claudino-Sales (2018), Mucivuna, Reynard and Garcia (2019), Pijet-Migoń; Migoń, (2022), Kubalíkova and Coratza (2023), Mikhailenko et al. (2024), and Migoń (2024). In addition to these, we also used the work of Piotr Migoń (2021, 2022), who raised the issue addressed in this study. The methodology adopted comprised a bibliographic survey and the production of cartographic material, the elaboration of the methodological proposal, inventorying and field application, and, finally, the analysis and discussion of the systematized data. In this sense, a set of criteria and indicators was established for each type of value, with ≥75% of the maximum score defined as the limit for the recognition of a geosite, and those that did not achieve the score in at least one of the central values were defined as Geodiversity Sites. The results reveal the effectiveness of the method in classifying geosites, highlighting their uniqueness, as of the 19 sites evaluated, 15 were classified as Geosites and 4 as Geodiversity Sites. By integrating pareidolia and placing equal emphasis on scientific, aesthetic, and cultural values, this approach addresses the limitations previously identified in the evaluation of rock geosites. In addition, it highlights the importance of history and cultural identity in local narratives, contributing to the understanding of Geomorphological Heritage, Geoconservation, and geotourism promotion. The results also indicate that the selected geosites correspond to rock landforms that are very popular in the region. Some local villages and protected areas are named after these landforms, reflecting a sense of identity among the local population. Finally, the innovation of this research is highlighted by proposing specific criteria for the evaluation of cultural value, presenting significant advances in the identification of these elements in the studied locations and evidencing their versatility for application and integration with other proposals for the evaluation of geosites. Therefore, this research advances the understanding and evaluation of the geosites of the Itaporanga Intrusive Suite, as well as offering practical and replicable tools for other areas of study and other methodologies, highlighting the role of Geomorphological Heritage in the context of Geoheritage and its scientific and cultural importance for communities.