The Spatial Circuit of Production of Oil and Natural Gas in Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil: Regulated Territory in the Context of Energy Transition
Oil and natural gas; Energy transition; Productive spatial circuit; Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil
This research analyzes the transformations in the use of the territory of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), resulting from the restructuring of the productive spatial circuit of oil, natural gas, and derivatives, due to Petrobras’s divestment actions. The study is situated within the context of the global energy transition, characterized by the pursuit of more sustainable energy sources, while recognizing the continued centrality of oil as the primary energy source in the short and medium term. The core issue lies in the territorial and socioeconomic impacts generated by Petrobras’s withdrawal from RN, a traditional onshore production hub now rendered peripheral within the logic of the Brazilian state's investment strategy in the sector. The methodology adopted relies on a multiscalar and multifactorial geographic approach, grounded in the concepts of productive spatial circuit and circles of cooperation. Procedures included bibliographic review, analysis of secondary data (statistical, spatial, and regulatory), cartographic production, and field research in strategic areas. The empirical scope considered the territory of RN as a unit of geographic and politico-institutional analysis, highlighting the current geography of the productive spatial circuit of oil and natural gas in the state, using distinct temporal scales derived from the investigated factors, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. The discussion demonstrates that Petrobras’s exit and the entry of new economic agents have led to a reorganization of the productive territorial dynamics in the state, with changes in technical structures, the configuration of productive, techno-scientific, institutional, and financial flows, and in the labor market profile. The results indicate a redefinition of the local productive spatial circuit, whose impacts extend beyond the mere replacement of leading oil and gas producers, encompassing the emergence of a new productive spatial structure that reaffirms the relevance of the activity for the investigated territory, regardless of the ongoing energy transition and the state’s investment strategy.