The Pitimbu river basin is located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, with an area of 132.46 km². This watershed is responsible for the water supply of 35% of the Metropolitan Region of Natal (NMR), in addition, presents a variety of landscape units and economic activities that are interconnected to the multiple uses of water, which leads to a overload in natural resources. In view of the context, this research aims to develop environmental planning guidelines for the Pitimbu River river basin, based on an analysis and diagnosis supported by the Geoecology of Landscapes, taking into account the potentialities and limitations of the landscape features inherent to the basin. In methodological terms, the research follows phases applying geoecological analysis, which are: organization and inventory, analysis, diagnosis and propositional. For this purpose, maps were elaborated on the scale of 1:80,000, aided by more detailed surveys on a local scale, also supporting the elaboration of the map of land use and coverage. Based on the integrated analyses between environmental and socioeconomic physical factors, it is possible to delimit the state of degradation, potentialities and weaknesses, as well as to subsidize integrated management strategies for the reality of the basin. It is expected that from the actions and data highlighted, natural resources, especially water can be used more compatible with the potential, as well as the general results presented here can serve as the basis for maintaining this Wealth.