ALOCAÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM RESERVATÓRIOS DE REGIÕES SEMIÁRIDAS EM CENÁRIOS DE ESCASSEZ HÍDRICA E EUTROFIZAÇÃO
Reservoir operation. Optimization. Quality.
The increase in water demands due population growth and land occupation influences the use and availability of water resources, which can lead to conflicts among users, especially in the semi-arid regions due the reduction of flow during long periods of drought. The strategic operation of reservoirs is an important tool to satisfactorily allocate water to users. The hedging rule based on zones has been used in studies to optimize operating rules, whose purpose is to ration water uses based on the level of water storage in the reservoir to preserve a volume of water to satisfy the demands in a future drought. However, considering only the quantity for the water allocation in the semi-arid is not ideal, and it is also necessary to analyze the quality, because the eutrophication in reservoirs is a factor that limits the uses and availability of water. Majority studies that consider quantitative-qualitative aspects of reservoir operations use stochastic methods for simulation and optimization, but stochastic models are difficult to apply by managers because of their complex and demanding programming requirements. The aim of this work is optimize the operation rule of six reservoirs in Piancó Piranhas-Açu Basin, located in brazilian semiarid, by deterministic methods to quantity and quality simulations, considering the priority demands (human supply and animal watering) and irrigation and considering phosphorus concentration as an indicator of quality. To optimization rules, the Rosenbrock Method will be used to verify in each reservoir which are the ideal zones limits. Thus, scenarios with different rationing coefficients for each type of demand will be simulated and optimized to finding the satisfactory supply of users in quality and quantity and reduce water scarcity and eutrophication in the reservoirs.