Application of the FAWAG Method for Oil Recovery in Carbonate Reservoirs
FAWAG, foam, carbonate rocks, enhanced oil recovery, EOR, Pre-salt.
Crude oil remains a cornerstone of the global energy matrix, accounting for a substantial portion of the world’s energy supply. With the progressive depletion of conventional oil fields and the increasing development of geologically complex reservoirs—such as the carbonate formations found in Brazil’s Pre-salt region—there is a growing imperative for the advancement and implementation of enhanced recovery technologies aimed at maximizing hydrocarbon extraction. In this context, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, particularly those involving chemical methods, have gained prominence due to their ability to alter interfacial properties within the oil–rock–fluid system, promoting wettability modification and significant reduction of interfacial tension. Among these techniques, the Foam Assisted Water Alternating Gas (FAWAG) process emerges as a promising technological alternative. By injecting water and gas alternately in the presence of stable foams, the FAWAG method enhances gas mobility control, mitigates the formation of preferential flow paths, and effectively blocks high-permeability zones such as fractures—an advantage especially relevant in heterogeneous media typical of carbonate reservoirs. This research project aims to evaluate both the technical and economic feasibility of the FAWAG method for advanced oil recovery in carbonate rocks, using foam formulations composed of CO₂ and produced water. Three surfactants will be selected based on industrial performance criteria and thoroughly characterized with respect to foamability, foam stability, contact angle, emulsification capacity, and interfacial tension reduction. The efficiency of the FAWAG method will be compared with that of the conventional WAG (Water Alternating Gas) technique, incorporating economic assessments to support strategic decision-making in tertiary recovery operations. This study is expected to contribute substantially to the advancement of EOR technologies in complex carbonate environments and holds particular relevance for the oil and gas industry operating in frontier regions such as Brazil’s Pre-salt.