IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROFILE OF ERRORS AND LEARNING DIFFICULTIES IN THE STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY QUESTIONS OF THE MATHEMATICAL EVIDENCE OF ENEM OF ENTRIES IN UFRN IN THE YEARS OF 2013 TO 2016
Statistic and probability. Errors. Learning difficulties. ENEM.
The investigations on errors and difficulties in the learning of mathematics, have advanced in the last decades to allow a better learning of the students in the teaching process in the school environment. The objective of this research is to study the profile of the errors and learning difficulties of the contents of Statistics and Probability in the ENEM mathematics tests of the years (2013 to 2016) of the students approved and inscribed in the SISU to enter in the UFRN. The specific objectives to achieve the proposed objective: draw the socioeconomic profile of the students approved in the ENEM and registered in the SISU to enter the UFRN in the years of 2013 to 2016; to characterize the weight of the contents of statistics and probability in the math tests of the ENEM 2013-2016; draw performance profile in the tests of the subject being studied; Identify and draw the profile of errors that may be associated with the distractors of greater choices by students and analyze the learning difficulties that may be associated with the identified errors. The reflections of researchers as: Radatz (1979; 1980), Cury (1988; 1994; 2007; 2008), Socas (1997), Borasi (1985; 1987), Rico (1995), Pochulu (2004) e Brousseau (1976), present the errors and difficulties in mathematical learning. Already researchers in the area of statistics and probability, such as: Batanero (1998; 2000), Batanero; Godino; Navarro-Pelayo (2001), among others, gift more specific errors for that content. The study presented in this thesis is based on the identification and characterization of the error profile associated with the learning difficulties on the subject "knowledge of statistics and probability" of the ENEM tests from the years of 2013 to 2016, based on the reports of the Statistics section of the COMPERVE/UFRN. As a methodology, the analysis of the tests was prioritized to associate the error of the most indicated distractor with explanatory hypotheses of learning difficulties. The results were: socioeconomic profile, the number of approved between public and private schools were increasing between the years studied, the northeast region in relation to the others obtained the highest percentage of successful candidates, The predominant age group is 18 to 20 years old and the gender with the highest percentage is male. Regarding color/race, if it is brown, the most obvious modality of high school is regular education; the theme "knowledge of statistics and probability in the descending order in the third place; the performance profile, in 2015, issues 149 and 158 that had the lowest hit rate with, 8.8% and 10% respectively; In the identification and characterization of errors, we identify competencies, skills, sub-skills and specific content for each question, then we analyze the tables and graphs. We did the feedback/descriptor, finding the solution for each question and then with the four distractors, we identified the associated errors. We present these errors in table and we use the classic typology of Radatz (1979). The results indicate the need for a didactic-methodological review of the teaching of this subject for which learning difficulties are presented.