Gender inequalities in the labor and social security rules: an analysis for Brazil, 2014
Social Security; gender inequalities; Job market; productive work; Homeworks
Demographic changes experienced by the Brazilian population in recent decades represent a challenge for the financial equilibrium of its pension system. The process of population aging, which is the proportional reduction of the working age population and the increase in the elderly population, is presented as a problem for the General Social Security Scheme (RGPS), the financing system is the simple division, ie , active workers supporting the benefits of retirees. In addition to the aging population, increased life expectancy after age 60 is also a problem for the pension system, in that it increases the enjoyment of the benefit period by the retired. Given this situation, the government examines proposals for change in the social security rules to try to reduce the deficit, and somehow increase revenue. Equality of concession rules of benefits for men and women is one of the proposals of the current government, which has been discussed on the grounds that women's life expectancy is higher than men. Therefore, in addition to early retirement due to bonus of 5 years at the time of contribution and retirement age, they end up receiving benefits for longer. In the Brazilian context, this bonus was suggested by the Women's Charter of 1987 and consolidated in the 1988 Constitution as a way of recognizing the social role of women, which is not recognized: work devoted to household chores, work unpaid and invisible to society and the state, in addition to the differences in wages between the sexes in the labor market. Therefore, this paper discusses the equality of social security rules for men and women is indeed an appropriate reform to the Brazilian reality, given the gender inequalities found in the labor market and in the division of reproductive work (housework). The study aims to estimate the difference in working time between men and women, considering the time spent in productive labor (the labor market) and the time devoted to housework and family care. Through descriptive analysis is intended to stratify these estimates by education, socioeconomic status, living arrangements, occupation and region. It will be used as a source of data to the National Sample Survey (PNAD) of IBGE held in 2014.