Demand for care among the Brazilian population: functional capacity, household arrangements, and sociodemographic inequalities.
population aging; older people; potential care demand; functional capacity; household arrangements; National Care Policy.
Brazilian population aging, resulting from the demographic and epidemiological transformations observed in recent decades, has increased the care needs of older people and highlighted challenges related to health conditions, functional capacity, and the contexts in which care may potentially be provided. At the same time, changes in household arrangements and socioeconomic inequalities reinforce the need to understand care demand beyond individual health conditions. In this context, this study aims to construct and describe the Multidimensional Index of Potential Care Demand for Older People (IMDPCI) for the Brazilian older population by integrating health and functional conditions with household and socioeconomic characteristics related to the potential context of care provision. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), including individuals aged 60 years or older residing in Brazil. The IMDPCI will be structured around two dimensions. The Health Care Need (NCS) dimension will encompass limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and the burden of chronic diseases. The Vulnerability of the Care Provision Context (VPC) dimension will incorporate the availability of potential adult caregivers, household composition, competing care demands, and socioeconomic vulnerability. The integration of these two dimensions will result in the IMDPCI, whose distribution will be described according to sex, age group, race/skin color, educational attainment, and the Major Regions of Brazil, taking into account the complex sampling design of the PNS. The index is expected to identify different combinations of health care needs and vulnerability in the potential context of care provision, contributing to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of potential care demand among older people in Brazil and providing evidence to support the planning of public policies and actions, particularly within the framework of the National Care Policy.