Banca de DEFESA: ANDREZA MIRANDA DE ANDRADE BARBOSA

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : ANDREZA MIRANDA DE ANDRADE BARBOSA
DATE: 30/08/2024
TIME: 14:00
LOCAL: Online
TITLE:

PHARMACOPOLLUTION: ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF DRUGS AND ITS RELATION WITH THE STANDARD OF THE WATER QUALITY OF THE POTENGI RIVER ESTUARY - RN, BRAZIL

KEY WORDS:

Ecotoxicology; Pharmacocontamination; Branchonet; Risk assessment, emerging contaminants and RISK 21

PAGES: 100
BIG AREA: Ciências Agrárias
AREA: Agronomia
SUMMARY:

Over the last few years, anthropogenic activities have led to an increase in environmental pollution, this problem affects aquatic ecosystems around the world and knowledge of the role/impact of synthetic chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, is still limited.

Environmental monitoring of water quality seeks to evaluate the efficiency of treatments, through knowledge and measurement of existing compounds in this matrix, known to be dangerous in order to protect public health.

Due to recent concerns about the efficiency of removing pharmaceuticals from the environment, and the need to assess the safety of wastewater, recovered, discarded, and/or reused in aquatic ecosystems, the objective of this work is to evaluate the ecotoxicological potential of compounds emerging in the water of the Potengi river estuary, in relation to physical-chemical parameters: Electrical Conductivity; pH; Salinity, Ammoniacal, Organic, and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen; Nitrate; Nitrite; Total Phosphorus, Total Potassium, Color, Turbidity, Suspension Solids, Sedimentables and Totals, Oil and Grease Content (TOG), BOD5 and DO, microbiological: Total Coliforms and Thermotolerant Coliforms, of metals: Aluminum; Lead; Copper; Chrome; Iron; Nickel; Zinc; Manganese; Mercury; Cadmium and 14 drugs (presence and concentration) (Invermectin, Chloroquine phosphate, Hydroxychloroquine sulfate, Azithromycin, Caffeine, Diclofenac sodium, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen (paracetamol), Aspirin, Estrone, Estriol, Crystalline amoxicillin and Erythromycin), in the period one year, with 12 collections, in three different sampling points.

In addition, ecotoxicity tests were also carried out with Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, considering that it is an autochthonous species, adapted to tropical regions and to the specificities of the local ecosystem, providing realistic results.

Associated with this characterization, a risk analysis was carried out using the RISK 21, which evaluates the quantitative risk linked to hazard estimates (severity of health problems and effects related to a level of exposure) with exposure estimates (contact between a substance and a target over a period of time) to predict real-world health outcomes.

The general objective of the thesis is to analyze the risk of pharmacocontamination in bodies of surface water receiving treated and untreated sewage in the context of the estuarine area of the Potengi River - Natal/RN. Having as specific objectives to analyze the state of the art in Brazilian water bodies, to verify the occurrence of drugs used in the pandemic and the potential ecological risks through the RISK 21 matrix, to characterize through physical-chemical, microbiological analyses, of metals and drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 the quality of the treated effluent and water in the perimeter areas to the points of emission of treated effluents in the area under study, to validate the usefulness of the species Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, as an organism for ecotoxicological testing of drugs used massively in the pandemic context.

Chapter 1 is entitled literature review: occurrence of drugs in surface water and risk assessment using the RISK21 approach, and seeks to carry out a literature survey to assess the presence of drugs in surface water matrices, for subsequent risk assessment through from the RISK 21 tool.

Based on the response obtained in the bibliography, it was possible to verify that 65 drugs were described, among which 19 pharmacological families were represented. The class of anti-inflammatories showed a higher occurrence in aquatic matrices, followed by antibiotics, antihypertensives, analgesics, lipid regulators, antiepileptics and antidepressants.

It was also found that the therapeutic class of anti-inflammatory drugs was represented in the analyzed publications by the following active principles: diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, betamethasone, phenylbutasone, prednisone, nimesulide and piroxicam. Diclofenac and ibuprofen are the drugs most found in water matrices in Brazil, since diclofenac was reported in 17 of the 49 studies evaluated and ibuprofen was quantified in 10 articles.

Chapter 2, entitled evaluation of the quality of estuarine water receiving treated and untreated sanitary effluent, allows the evaluation of water quality in the Potengi River estuary through the evaluation of physical-chemical, microbiological, metals, cyanobacteria and pharmaceutical parameters selected in the covid context, presenting characteristics of the region and the applied effluent treatment system.

Chapter 3, entitled: Validation of the species dendrocephalus brasiliensis as a freshwater test organism in ecotoxiological studies for the evaluation of drugs used in the treatment of covid-19, points out that due to recent concerns about the presence of pharmaceutical products in the environment in particular resulting from the consumption and massive use of drugs used in the treatment of COVID 19, aimed to validate the D. brasiliensis organism as a test organism for ecotoxicity studies and compare the results with the D. magna species as a reference test organism against exposure to compounds Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin, Paracetamol and Ibuprofen. This article was published in the journal Acta Toxicológica Argentina.

Chapter 4 includes a Cultivation and Production Manual - Dendrocephalus brasiliensis, also known as shrimp, brancneque or freshwater artemia, the branchoneta (read "branconeta"), is a freshwater micro crustacean. This manual presents the entire cultivation process, cyst hatching, feeding, water quality parameters, sexing, ecotoxicological characteristics, etc.

This thesis is directly related to SDG 6 – Drinking water and sanitation: ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, and SDG 14 – Life in water: conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources for the sustainable development.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Externo à Instituição - DOUGLISNILSON DE MORAIS FERREIRA - IFRN
Presidente - 1062272 - JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
Externa à Instituição - MARIA CRISTINA BASILIO CRISPIM DA SILVA - UFPB
Externo ao Programa - 2550052 - PAULO EDUARDO VIEIRA CUNHA - nullInterna - 1298966 - RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA