Virtual reality and the use of music for pain relief during
dressing changes: a randomized clinical trial.
Music; Virtual Reality; Pain; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Nursing.
To compare the effectiveness of music and 3D immersive virtual reality in relieving pain
among patients with arterial ulcers undergoing wound dressing changes. This is a
randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover clinical trial, in which the control and
intervention groups are composed of the same participants. The study will follow the
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. It will be conducted at a Primary Health Care
Unit located in the city of Natal, Brazil. A sample of 31 patients with arterial lesions will be
included. Initially, dressing changes will be performed following the institution’s standard
care. Participants will then be randomly assigned to two groups (RM and MR). Thus, all
participants will receive both interventions, with a one-week interval between them to avoid
residual effects. In the RM group, participants will use 3D immersive virtual reality goggles
to watch landscape videos throughout the dressing change procedure. After one week, they
will receive the music intervention, listening to self-selected songs through headphones
during the dressing change. In the MR group, the order of interventions will be reversed. The
primary outcome will be pain intensity, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale and the
Numerical Rating Scale. The secondary outcome will include physiological parameters
measured before and after each intervention. The study will be submitted to the Research
Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte for approval. This study
may contribute to the humanization of care by evaluating the use of music and virtual reality
as strategies to reduce pain and discomfort during dressing changes in patients with arterial
lesions.