Human rights and the preventable deaths of women: the phenomenon of feminicide in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (2015-2025)
Duty of due diligence; Human and fundamental rights; Femicide; Rio Grande do Norte.
Femicide in Brazil has reached alarming and persistent levels. Since it was criminalized in 2015, at least 13,703 (thirteen thousand seven hundred and three) gender-based violent deaths of women have been recorded in the country. In Rio Grande do Norte, 100 (one hundred) cases were recorded between 2021 and 2025, and 20 (twenty) incidents through June 2026. This magnitude highlights systematic institutional failures by the State in coordinating prevention and protection networks, constituting a structural violation of women’s human and fundamental rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution and international treaties. Given this scenario, this dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of femicide through the lens of human rights, limiting the investigation to the reality of Rio Grande do Norte. The research questions guiding the study are as follows: (i) has the state apparatus, through the justice system, fulfilled its duty of enhanced due diligence to prevent, punish, and eradicate gender-based violence? and (ii) do femicides constitute preventable deaths of women? The overall objective is to analyze whether and to what extent the international protection obligations assumed by the Brazilian State are fulfilled at the local level. This research is justified by the scarcity of studies focused on the dynamics of this phenomenon in the aforementioned state and by the need to comply with the recommendations of international organizations regarding the assessment of access to justice for victims and their families. Methodologically, this is an exploratory study employing a quantitative-qualitative approach and utilizing bibliographic and documentary techniques, whose preliminary findings affirmatively answer the research questions, pointing to the ineffectiveness of the state apparatus in addressing and curbing gender-based violence, contrary to internationally assumed obligations.