Challenges of Rural Education: an analysis of the effectiveness of the National Program for Education in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA) in the context of Rio Grande do Norte (2010-2022)
Agrarian Issue. Rural Education. Public Policies. PRONERA.
This dissertation analyzes the effectiveness of the National Program of Education in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). It considers undergraduate courses offered between 2010 and 2022, situating them within the historical context of the Brazilian agrarian question and the emergence of Rural Education (Educação do Campo) as a public policy linked to social struggles. The research is premised on the understanding that the Brazilian countryside is characterized by profound structural inequalities resulting from the extreme exploitation of labor, land concentration, wealth, and political power. This generates a historical condition of marginalization for the impoverished rural population, such that the struggle for land articulates with other struggles for social rights, including access to quality education. To comprehend this experience within the context of Rio Grande do Norte, the study reconstructs the Program's trajectory in the state and the challenges it has faced in the 21st century, particularly those related to funding and the continuity of rural-oriented educational policies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study combines a literature review, documentary analysis, and empirical research conducted with alumni from two PRONERA undergraduate courses offered by UFRN during the studied period. This empirical component includes the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The analysis is organized around the three axes guiding the Program's objectives: access to education, quality of training, and contribution to the development of settlements. It seeks to highlight advances, limitations, and potentialities based on the perceptions and trajectories of the involved subjects. By systematizing these experiences, this study aims to inform the academic and political debate, extending beyond the effectiveness of PRONERA to address the broader challenges of strengthening Rural Education in contexts of agrarian reform struggles.