PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF SAPUCAIA OIL (Lecythis pisonis)
Lecythis pisonis, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, amyloglucosidase, antioxidant.
Lecythis pisonis, also known as sapucaia, is a species widely distributed in Brazil. The seeds, leaves and stem of the sapucaia are popularly used to treat diabetes, coughs, muscle pain, pruritus and other ailments. The nuts have a high lipid content, which can reach 64%. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive properties of sapucaia oil. To this end, the oil was evaluated in terms of its physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile, which showed a high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (53%) and oleic acid (25%). It has a total phenolic concentration of 291.77 mg EAG.g-1 and high thermal stability with decomposition starting at 360.63 °C. In addition, the oil's antioxidant activity was identified using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical capture methods and total antioxidant capacity (CAT). In addition, sapucaia oil showed the ability to inhibit, in vitro, the enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase and amyloglucosidase, which are involved in glucose metabolism. In this way, the results obtained in this work will broaden our knowledge of the physical-chemical characteristics, biological activities and potential applications of sapucaia oil, in order to disseminate and arouse interest in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, while also contributing to the valorization of the fruit's production chain, the local economy and the preservation of the species, providing income generation for the producing region.