SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN EQUATORIAL MARGIN: PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT BASED ON POTENTIAL DIRECT HYDROCARBON INDICATORS
exploratory frontier; deep-water play; seismic interpretation; direct hydrocarbon indicator; seismic attribute; seafloor mound; fluid migration; gravitational system.
The Equatorial Atlantic Ocean is considered a new exploratory frontier, where petroleum discoveries have been established along the South American and West African conjugate margins. The marginal basins share a similar tectono depositional evolution and have successfully reproduced Late Cretaceous deep water plays. However, the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) remains underexplored, with only modest discoveries and scarce exploratory wells drilled in deep waters. This study analyzes the offshore zone of the Barreirinhas and Pará-Maranhão Basins, located in the central to midwestern BEM, which are conjugated to the prolific Ivory Coast and Tano basins in West Africa. The objective is to characterize the prospectivity of the study area based on the identification of seismic anomalies which may indicate direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI). The analysis integrates seismic, well, and bathymetric data. The robust seismic dataset covers offshore areas and consists of 2D conventional seismic lines based on the seismic reflection method and processed with post stack time migration. Seismic attributes are extensively used to improve seismic interpretation and highlight potential DHIs. Well and bathymetric data are scattered and discontinuous, lacking grid coverage. Well data from the continental shelf were extrapolated to the deep-water domain. Preliminary results are presented in three manuscripts currently under development. It is proposed prospects in the Barreirinhas Basin, which are detailed described according to the identified seismic anomalies – potential DHIs – and their key controls. Most of these prospects are analogous to the geomorphological controls and depositional systems of the main Late Cretaceous deep-water play of the Equatorial Atlantic. A specific region is detailed, presenting seafloor mounds produced by fluid migration pathways. Their genesis is discussed, which may have been linked to hydrothermal venting, carbonate buildups, and gas hydrates. Analyzed prospects of the Pará-Maranhão Basin are primarily structurally controlled by regional gravitational systems