Geomorphology and active processes on the continental slope of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin: bathymetric analysis and digital terrain models
Brazilian Equatorial Margin; Submarine canyons; Multibeam bathymetry
This study aimed to analyze the morphology of the continental slope along the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, offshore the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, through the integration of multibeam bathymetric data and digital terrain models. The investigated area revealed a set of submarine canyons whose morphological characteristics indicate the interaction of tectonic, sedimentary, and oceanographic factors. The methodology encompassed data acquisition during different oceanographic campaigns and processing with CARIS HIPS and SIPS software, resulting in high resolution bathymetric surfaces and derivative products such as slope, rugosity, and Benthic Terrain Models (BTM). These outputs allowed the identification of distinct features, which were grouped into three main categories: canyons incised into the continental shelf, canyons restricted to the slope, and branched canyons. The results suggest that some of the deeper incisions may be related to reworked ancient fluvial valleys, while others reflect the action of gravitational flows and local slope instabilities. The tectonic inheritance from the opening of the South Atlantic appears to control the orientation of several features, whereas ocean circulation, particularly the North Brazil Current, acts as a shaping agent, enhancing the reworking and redistribution of sediments. Overall, this work helps to fill existing gaps in the detailed characterization of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, providing support for both geological interpretations and environmental and marine management applications. Although still ongoing, the analyses already highlight the complexity and dynamism of the canyons in the area, reinforcing the importance of multidisciplinary investigations that integrate bathymetry, sedimentary processes, and physical oceanography