Taphonomy of Fossil Plants in Quaternary Tufas from the Chapada do Apodi Region (RN), Semiarid Northeast Brazil
Quaternary; Paleoclimate; Carbonate; Moldic Porosity; Felipe Guerra
Fossil leaves found within Quaternary tufas are significant for taxonomic, palaeoclimatic, and palaeoenvironmental studies. Despite these structures being well-known and documented in the literature, their taphonomic processes remain meagerly understood. This study aimed to analyze the biostratinomy of phytoclastic accumulations in Quaternary tufas from the Chapada do Apodi region (Northeastern Brazil). Analyses encompassed three fossil deposits and three recent ones from the region, with the goal of establishing taphonomic and paleoenvironmental comparisons within them. Macroscopic analyses of both fossil and recent tufa outcrops were conducted considering the following taphonomic features: packing density, fragmentation, orientation, and origin of the phytoclasts. We observed that the fossil leaves present in the Quaternary tufas of the region have a parautochthonous origin, which challenges the conventional idea that phytoclasts are exclusively derived from allochthonous environments. These deposits were formed in an environment where water availability was higher, and plant composition and structure was distinct to current times, where the floristic composition of the region has little influence on the final composition of present-day tufas.