Use of LC3 as an alternative material to Portland cement class G for plugging operations
alternative cement; rheological parameters; permanent grouting; supplementary cementitious materials; Portland cement Class G
The significant and increasing number of oil and gas wells requiring permanent abandonment at the end of their service life demands low-carbon and cost-effective materials for this purpose. Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC³) is a low-carbon blended cement with high potential as an alternative to Portland cement. LC³ formulations with 40% to 60% replacement of Class G Portland cement, a metakaolin/limestone ratio of 2:1, and a water-to-binder ratio of 0.51 were evaluated and compared with a reference slurry containing 100% Portland cement. Rheological properties after curing at 60 °C were assessed, as well as mechanical and microstructural responses at curing ages of 24 h, 3, 7, and 28 days. LC³ demonstrated potential for plug and abandonment applications by exhibiting lower densities than the Class G cement slurry and higher compressive strength than the reference, reaching 20.2 MPa at 24 h and up to a 23% increase at 28 days, thereby meeting the physical barrier requirements established by ANP Resolution No. 46/2016 and NORSOK D-010.