ADSORPTION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM BY GRAPHENE OXIDE AND GRANULATED ACTIVATED CARBON
Micropollutants. Adsorption. Nanosheets. Graphene Oxide. Granulated Activated Carbon.
Recent studies in different countries reveal the presence of drugs in aquatic bodies. Among the main drugs detected, the anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS) has higher ecotoxicity. In 2013, although the effects of these substances had not yet been clarified, DS was included in the list of potentially hazardous substances in Directive 39/2013 of the European Union. On the other hand, the technologies currently deployed in water treatment units do not include and are not designed for the removal of micropollutants. The removal of drugs has been evaluated through the processes of catalytic ozonation, photocatalytic oxidation, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration. However, these technologies present high technological complexity and result in high deployment and operating costs. In this sense, the adsorption appears as a promising alternative technical, due to the possibility of adsorbent material recovery and non-byproduct generation capacity. In the present study we intend to evaluate the adsorption of DS by graphene oxide (GO) and granulated activated carbon (GAC) of coconut endocarp. The adsorbent materials will be subjected to chemical, structural and morphological characterization tests by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance, transmission electron microscopy and electron scattering X-ray spectroscopy and microscopy high resolution field emission scanning electronics. The DS adsorption efficiency will be analyzed by static bench scale tests, where the influence of the variation of different DS concentrations and empty bed contact times with the adsorbents will be evaluated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, as well as kinetic models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion are prepared from the experimental results. The mathematical models that present theoretical data more adequate to the experimental ones, will describe the process of adsorption of DS by GO and GAC.