Applicability of the Token Test for analyzing receptive language in preschool children
Language Development, Child Language, Comprehension, Language Tests, Speech-Language Pathology
When assessing language in preschool children, it is essential to consider their performance in
comprehension skills. However, Brazil still lacks tools designed for this purpose for this population. The
Token Test is an instrument that assesses listening comprehension, varying the length and linguistic
complexity of verbal instructions with adults. However, over the years, versions have been developed that
include school-age children. Its reduced version includes 36 instructions involving geometric shapes, colors,
and sizes, and is considered low-cost and easy to apply. Thus, this master's thesis seeks to evaluate its
applicability for preschool children in the Brazilian context. To achieve this objective, a primary
cross-sectional study was conducted, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (opinion no. 7,617,506).
Data collection was carried out in two early childhood education institutions in the city of Natal, with the
consent of the Municipal Department of Education. The participants were monolingual children who spoke
Brazilian Portuguese, aged between 4 years and 5 years and 11 months, with no language complaints or
history of speech therapy intervention. In addition to the reduced version of the Token Test, the assessment
battery included a questionnaire on life history and family socioeconomic status, as well as instruments for
assessing phonology, expressive vocabulary, and phonological short-term memory. To date, 40 participants
have been evaluated, and the partial results are organized into two articles. The objective of Article 1 is to
investigate the performance of preschoolers on the reduced version of the Token Test and to relate this
performance to expressive vocabulary. Article 2 aims to verify whether there is a relationship between
performance on the reduced version of the Token Test and phonological short-term memory.