URBAN TOURS: RECOGNIZE THE CULTURAL HERITAGE FROM THE WALKING AT THE CITY CENTER OF FORTALEZA
Walkers, walkability, cultural courses of Fortaleza, perception of cultural heritage.
The present work aims at analyzing the apprehension of the cultural heritage still existing in the Fortaleza´s center, by participants of courses made from structured itineraries by professionals (groups of guides and teachers of Architecture and Urbanism, Geography, History, Tourism and Environmental Psychology). It is believed that the act of walking allows, through the logic of slow time, to perceive the transformations and permanences existing in the urban form of cities. The hypothesis of the present study is that, despite the physical conditions and the neglect of the heritage assets of Fortaleza, it is possible to identify which courses defined by guided routes, in the perspective of walking, that present the roughness of the history of the capital of Ceará, contribute to readability of cultural heritage. The research has as a universe the center of the capital of Ceará, a traditional place and landmark of the beginnings of the Fortaleza´s consolidation as the hegemonic nucleus of Ceará. In a previous study, "A course on the heritage and urban morphology of the center of Fortaleza-CE (GOES, 2015)", that although the region is marked by the decharacterization of its heritage, it is still possible to draw routes of apprehension of Fortaleza´s urban history.It has as a theoretical-methodological reference Margarida Andrade (2012), José Liberal de Castro (1987) / (1994), Clóvis Ramiro Jucá Neto (1993) / (2012), Maria Auxiliadora Lemenhe (1991), José Clewton do Nascimento 2013) and Sebastião Ponte (2010), with respect to the formation of Fortaleza´s heritage. Gordon Cullen (2006), Maria Kohlsdorf (1996), José Lamas (2011), Philippe Panerai (2013) / (2014), Vicente Del Rio (1990), Aldo Rossi (2001) and Camillo Sitte and urban narrative. Walter Benjamin (1989), Henry-Pierre Jeudy (2010), Paola Jacques (2012a), José Clewton do Nascimento (2013) and Francesco Careri (2013b) as references to the theme of urban apprehension through walking. Jeff Speck (2016) and Roberto Ghidini (2011) are authors who give a walkability approach, conceptualizing it and establishing the main elements to analyze a place. Zulmira Bomfim (2003), Gleice Elali et al. (2011), Jan Gehl (2013a), Kevin Lynch (2006) and Denise Jodelet (2002) in the construction of the space perception. The discussions on cultural tourism and the proposition of significant itineraries for the participants were supported by the writings of Flavia Costa (2006), Herminia Vargas and Ricardo Paiva (2016). (2004), Françoise Choay (2006), Leonardo Castriota (2009), Flávio Carsalade (2014), Marcia Sant'anna (2004), Salvador Muñoz Viñas (2005), and Natalia Vieira for inclusion in the study of heritage, which provide subsidies to deepen the issue of preservation and understanding of areas of cultural heritage value The research is based on bibliographical, documentary and mainly field research, fundamental for the understanding of the patrimonial perception of the central area of the city. The researcher followed some courses organized by professors and historical guides, focusing on the apprehension of the history of the city, and noted the importance of the activity for the recognition of cultural heritage. However, it was observed that they had an essentially informative character, corroborating little for the creation of narratives with the place. Finally, the research formulates a route proposal that aims to build links between participants with the history of the city, allowing a panorama of apprehension of the rugosities existing in the center of the city.