Dissertations/Thesis

Clique aqui para acessar os arquivos diretamente da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRN

2024
Thesis
1
  • VINÍCIUS GABRIEL DA SILVA SANTANA
  • EVALUATION OF APPROACHES FOR SCIENTIFIC DISSEMINATION OF IMPACTS ON MARINE FAUNA IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • FABIO TEIXEIRA DUARTE
  • FLAVIO JOSE DE LIMA SILVA
  • MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO VIEIRA DE ALMEIDA MENEZES
  • MARIA JOSE NASCIMENTO SOARES
  • Data: Mar 27, 2024


  • Show Abstract
  • The scientific dissemination of anthropogenic impacts on marine fauna, through scientific exhibitions in the Cetaceans of Costa Branca Project (PCCB-UERN) and the Partners of the Sea Project, was studied. We aimed to evaluate the dissemination to the population of coastal communities about impacts on marine fauna and sustainability, and specifically, to characterize the actions of the Cetaceans of Costa Branca Project (PCCB-UERN); reflect on aspects of the Science of Sustainability that have been incorporated into the educational actions of the Partners of the Sea Project; analyze how teachers of early childhood education and science in elementary education identify themes of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the scientific exhibition of the Partners of the Sea Project and their possibilities of contribution to school education. For this, 17 members of the PCCB-UERN filled out a questionnaire and participated in interviews about education and training experiences, planning and execution of actions, and difficulties and solutions found. In addition, 29 teachers from early childhood education and science in elementary education from Areia Branca/RN evaluated the scientific exhibition of the Partners of the Sea Project, through a questionnaire. They pointed out the presence/absence of the themes of the Sustainable Development Goals in each element of the exhibition and answered what caught their attention the most. Data analysis included descriptive statistics for closed questions and qualitative investigation for open questions, using the Technique of Elaboration and Analysis of Units of Meaning. Results were quantified in graphs and tables. As results, the actions of the PCCB-UERN occur throughout the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, especially in urban areas, fishing communities, and riverside areas, for a predominantly young audience. The expository-dialogical approach was adopted by 14 members, and game and booklet strategies and playful activities were adopted by 16 members. 24% of the participants identified dispersion as a challenge. Regarding the actions of the Partners of the Sea Project, aspects of the Science of Sustainability that are contemplated include active public participation, contextualization of socio-environmental issues on spatial and temporal scales, interdisciplinarity in the content addressed, and knowledge co-production with communities. For the teachers who visited the scientific exhibition, the Sustainable Development Goals most contemplated were 4, focused on Quality Education, and 14, on Protecting Marine Life. Teachers conceived other SDGs throughout the exhibition indicating a holistic approach that includes socio-environmental, economic, and cultural aspects. Gaps were noted in issues related to gender equality and reducing inequalities. Twelve teachers mentioned that the exhibition enriches knowledge about marine biodiversity. Nine highlighted its contribution to addressing local socio-environmental issues. Three recognized its role in stimulating environmental care practices, while two mentioned its adaptation for early childhood education. It is concluded that the scientific exhibitions carried out by the Partners of the Sea Project and the educational actions of the PCCB-UERN have been effective in promoting awareness of the conservation of marine fauna, demonstrating that sustainability can be effectively addressed in spaces like these.

2023
Thesis
1
  • RAFAELA DOS SANTOS COSTA
  • EMERGING CONTAMINANTS: AN ECOLOGICAL, HEALTH AND SOCIAL APPROACHES TO PHARMACEUTICAL POLLUTION

  • Advisor : JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • NOELIA GONZALES VIDAL
  • DANIEL DURANTE PEREIRA ALVES
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • Data: Feb 27, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • Among the numerous compounds that are considered emerging pollutants, pharmaceuticals have gained prominence, as they have begun to be detected in small concentrations in different environmental matrices. These substances are widely used in veterinary and human medicine. In the pandemic context of COVID-19, there was an increase in the consumption of these compounds and consequently in the environmental and health impacts. These contaminants have a life cycle and can be introduced into the environment through different pathways. Given this scenario, it is essential to understand the consequences of drugs on different organisms, as well as the causes that lead to their occurrence at the environmental level, and the reasons that increase the need to consider them as environmental threats. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pharmaceuticals on cyanobacteria as an ecological and health representation of this problem, in addition to analyzing the perception and habits of the Brazilian population as the main actors contributing to this environmental condition, as well as investigating the quality and ways of disseminating scientific information on this subject. Additionally, the subject matter is used as a means of contextualizing the environmental injustices observed in the Brazilian territory. The first chapter of this thesis aimed to describe the effects and risks of these compounds in the environment, having as a representative the cyanobacteria, due to their role as primary producers and implications on human health. It was evidenced that different therapeutic classes, depending on the concentrations tested, can affect their physiology and have consequences on the ecological services provided by these microorganisms, as well as the potential effects on public health as a result of cyanotoxin production. Furthermore, to understand the consequences at the ecological level, it is necessary to understand the causes that favor the incorporation of pharmaceuticals into the environment. Thus, the second chapter aimed to describe how the Brazilian population perceives and acts on the life cycle of pharmaceuticals from an environmental perspective through a study conducted online. The results pointed out that the main way to dispose of medicines for both human and veterinary use is common garbage. The information obtained also revealed the habit of self-medication of the interviewees and that the therapeutic classes of drugs most consumed could have an association with the pandemic situation of COVID-19, the period in which the research was conducted. The work also highlighted the incipient implementation of reverse logistics laws and the need to understand how the issue of emerging contaminants is reaching society. Thus, the third chapter of the thesis aimed to investigate, through an analysis of Brazilian scientific dissemination websites, how scientific information was conveyed and the quality of this information, considering the lay public as the final destination. The results obtained showed limitations in the dissemination process since the educational issue needs to be worked on to detriment of the current speed of content sharing. Moreover, education is essential for the reader to have a solid foundation that enables the identification and quality of the information disclosed, establishing a critical view on issues of environmental relevance, such as those involving the theme of emerging contaminants. There is also a lack of texts aimed at children and teenagers, who are the pillars for the construction of a sustainable future as a way to minimize the impact of anthropic activities on the environment. As a result, the fourth chapter of the thesis is composed of two articles of scientific dissemination on themes covered in this research, focusing on children, as a way to remedy one of the gaps previously found. Finally, and aiming at the findings obtained in the course of this research, the problem of pharmaceutical contamination was fully approached from the standpoint of environmental justice and used as a representation of social inequities already observed in the Brazilian context. The critical review brought out issues such as the lack of basic sanitation, educational quality, lack of enforcement and/or implementation of environmental legislation, food insecurity, and public health in a segregationist, ethnic-racial context, with mainly ideological implications, associated with pollution by these substances, and aggravated by the pandemic condition of COVID-19. The historical issue of social inequities in Brazil is reaffirmed by the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment and its implications on marginalized and susceptible social groups. Given the above, it is clear that the Pharmaceutical contamination needs to be understood from a transdisciplinary view of its effects on the environment, going through legal issues in environmental issues and including the social sphere not only as waste generators but also as vulnerable beings of the consequences of their actions, aggravated especially by the lack of environmental education at all educational levels as well as other factors of socio-environmental inequalities already observed.

    SDGs to which the thesis is linked: 4- Quality education; 6- clean water and sanitation; 12- responsible consumption and production; 14- life below water

2
  • LÍVIAN RAFAELY DE SANTANA GOMES PINHEIRO
  • METOCEAN DRIVERS AND COASTAL DISASTERS IN THE EASTERN COAST OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ADA CRISTINA SCUDELARI
  • JOSICLÊDA DOMICIANO GALVÍNCIO
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MARIA DE FATIMA ALVES DE MATOS
  • VENERANDO EUSTAQUIO AMARO
  • Data: Jul 28, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • Intense unplanned urbanization in coastal zones brings risks and environmental disasters through the interaction of meteorological and oceanographic factors, in addition to human activities, which impacts vulnerable populations and ecosystems. The coast of Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Northeast Brazil, has experienced successive flood and erosion events that cause damage to infrastructure, traditional populations and sensible ecosystems such as estuaries, mangroves and sandbanks. The study area is the Eastern Coast of RN, mainly the urban beaches Ponta Negra-Via Costeira, city of Natal, and Barra de Maxaranguape, city of Maxaranguape. This study aims assess environmental drivers related to extreme events, disasters and public calamities in urban beaches of the area. It were obtained both observed and hindcasted wind, precipitation tide and wave time series, from meteorological gauges of the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology, Agricultural Research Company of Rio Grande do Norte, AVISO satellite altimetry and global hindcasts (ERA5 and Wavewatch III), from 1979 to 2021. Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) fittings of wave significant high (Hs) and precipitation were performed. Registers of disasters along the coast of study area were collected from online local media. Offshore waves were propagated shoreward on Barra de Maxaranguape through SMC-Brasil model. Wave average energy flux (EF) was estimated at closure depth along Ponta Negra and Via Costeira beaches (PN-VC) with SMC-Brasil. On the Eastern RN continental shelf, waves have reached Hs maximum of 3.30 m, average of 0.76 m, coming from east-southeast and southeast. Winter and spring seasons have presented higher waves, related to action of trade winds. GPD estimated Hs increasing till 2.7 times over its average each 10 years. Increasing of wind speed is more important than its scalar value, to form an extreme wave. Hs at the virtual station had its upper peak either at the same day or one-two days before of coastal damage, which indicates that offshore ocean storms can quickly propagate coastward. On Barra de Maxaranguape, each 10 years, it is likely to happen a precipitation event of 138,71 mm at least once. Talus deposits laid on the beach face reduce incident wave energy. The Ponta Gorda headland receives the highest waves, thus, these are the most energetic sea states. In the urbanized stretch of Barra de Maxaranguape beach, average wave energy flux reaches 2.08 x 104 J/ms with an increasing trend since the 70’s. PPN-VC incident EF are between 8.55*103 and 20.54*103 J/ms, decreasing in Morro do Careca’s bay and stronger in Via Costeira, coming from east and east-southeast, causing damages to waterfront urban facilities. Variations of EF in the 70’s and 2000’ decades are associated to erosional tipping points in PN. The several disasters that had happened on PN-VC are likely to repeat on Barra de Maxaranguape, serving as a decision-making reference for the entire Eastern Coast of Rio Grande do Norte.

3
  • ANA CELECINA LUCENA DA COSTA
  • CONSTRAINTS OF THE PARTICIPATION AND INFLUENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE MUNICIPAL COUNCILS OF NATAL/RN IN THE REGULATION PROCESS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ZONE 9 (ZPA-9)

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • EDVÂNIA TORRES AGUIAR GOMES
  • FRANKLIN ROBERTO DA COSTA
  • JOANA DARC FREIRE DE MEDEIROS
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • SEBASTIAO MILTON PINHEIRO DA SILVA
  • Data: Jul 31, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • The Environmental Protection Zone 9 (ZPA-9) was established in the municipality of Natal, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, along with nine other special areas aimed at the protection of environmental peculiarities, reconciled with the uses and occupations of each region. The definition of the aspects related to the zoning of that Environmental Protection Zone occurred through participatory and deliberative processes of regulation within the scope of the management councils of public policies of Natal, and counted on the performance of several segments of civil and governmental society. In this context, with the conclusion of the administrative process of the regulation of ZPA-9 in 2019 and the forwarding of its bill to the City Council of Natal in April 2022, the public policy councils that acted in that process fulfilled, in theory, the role for which they were created. Given this, the research in question aims to analyze the quality of the deliberative process and the influence of social participation via public policy management councils in the regulation of Environmental Protection Zone 9, in the municipality of Natal / RN, between the years 2014 and 2019. Methodologically, the present investigation is an empirical study, with deductive, exploratory and qualitative-quantitative approaches. The first three chapters of the thesis addressed the urban changes in the Northern Administrative Region of Natal, in a historical perspective, as well as from the establishment of the ZPA-9 until the completion of the process of its administrative process of regulation, in 2019. As the main result of these chapters, it should be noted that the political-administrative guidelines of territorial organization and planning, including in a recent period, when the ZPA-9 regulation was finalized in 2019, were conditioned to the interests of hegemonic agents (political and economic), disregarding the natural and ecosystemic aspects of the region. Chapter 3 indicated that civil society had little influence on the zoning definitions of Environmental Protection Zone 9, an aspect ratified in the following chapters. Chapters 4 and 5, in turn, investigated the institutionalization of participation (FARIA; RIBEIRO, 2010; 2011) and the deliberative effectiveness (CUNHA, 2009) in the public policy management councils that acted in the regulation process of the Environmental Protection Zone 9, in the municipality of Natal/RN, respectively. Regarding chapter 4, it was found that the Municipal Councils of Natal were classified with a high degree of institutionalization. However, the levels of democratization and representation were considered to be of medium degree, affecting the effectiveness of those institutional spaces of social participation. The fifth chapter revealed the little influence of civil society in the definitions and decisions on regulation, and subsequently, the little deliberative effectiveness of the councils, particularly CONCIDADE. This council was limited to exercising a purely advisory function in the process of regulating the Environmental Protection Zone 9. The perception of civil society representatives about the ZPA-9 regulation process is the last stage of the research. The formal semi-structured individual interview was the data collection instrument. In addition to the socioeconomic profile and the participatory process, the interview addressed issues related to the institutional design of the Councils, the ZPA-9 and its protection, and the participatory profile. Among the results of the sixth chapter of the thesis, it was verified the prevalence of the governmental segment and its speeches and manifestations in the deliberations, especially by the absence of real parity in the composition of the councils, lower vocalization capacity, reduction of the possibilities of inclusion of matters on the agenda and incongruity in the representation of the counselors of the civil society segment,  as well as by the imbalance of information and knowledge about the institutionalization of the participation of the councils and about the peculiarities of the Environmental Protection Zone 9.

4
  • CRISTIANE NIKELY SILVA PALMEIRA
  • AMPHIBIANS AS BIOINDICATORS OF EXPOSURE TO EMERGING DRUGS: INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ANA CAROLINA LUCHIARI
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • MIGUEL FERNANDES KOLODIUK
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • Data: Sep 13, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • Environmental pollution from the use of chemical substances is considered a direct threat to biodiversity. The release of different types of organic and inorganic pollutants through wastewater, including pharmaceutical products, is resulting in several environmental impacts and some drugs are already considered toxic to aquatic animals. Therefore, this work had the following objectives: (i) to verify the literature in search of information about the impacts of pharmaceutical compounds on the development and survival of amphibians, through the analysis of articles that evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects caused by these xenobiotics; (ii) investigate and evaluate the effects of the drug carbamazepine (CBZ) using frog tadpoles of the species Physalaemus cuvieri (Leptodactylidae), as a source of biomarkers enabling advances in the knowledge of the actions of pharmaceutical products on non-target organisms and their negative impacts on the ecosystem ; (iii) Collect and evaluate information about the perceptions of risk by undergraduate students of the Biological Sciences course at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). For the objectives, the methodologies were adopted: (i) a bibliographic review was carried out through consultations to databases; (ii) P. cuvieri tadpoles were exposed to CBZ via water for four and ten days. After the exposure period, parameters were observed to evaluate biomarkers, such as mortality, morphology, genotoxicity, feeding and behavior in these tadpoles; and (iii) an online questionnaire was sent through the UFRN computer system to the e-mails of students of the Biological Sciences course, Natal/RN campus. The results showed that (i) different species of amphibians were used and exposed to some categories of pharmaceutical products, in which these substances induced pathological changes at the cellular level, in physiology, morphology and in different types of behavior, such as: feeding and reproductive , in these animals. Some substances have been shown to be lethal and others have resulted in negative but limited biological changes. In (ii), P. cuvieri tadpoles represent a sensitive tool for ecotoxicological studies. Wherein, CBZ was able to promote developmental and behavioral toxic effects in tadpoles at environmentally relevant concentrations. As for the UFRN Biological Sciences students (iii), the interviewees have a high level of knowledge about issues related to the problems faced by the environment in relation to the incorrect disposal of medicines and its consequences for nature. In general, drugs pose an environmental risk to aquatic animals, especially amphibians. Tests with CBZ showed that at environmentally relevant concentrations, the drug caused mortality, decreased feeding activity and behavioral alteration in P. cuvieri. And the biological sciences students at UFRN had a good perception of the impacts caused by drugs and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental problems caused by medicines result from inadequate urban planning, poor sanitation, degraded infrastructure and pollution, posing significant challenges to unique health.

5
  • CARMEM SARA PINHEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
  • EUTROPHICATION ON SEMI-ARID WATER BODIES IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: perspectives of education for sustainability

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • SIMONE CECILIA PAOLI RUIZ
  • ALINE DE SOUZA AMORIM
  • ALLISON FERREIRA DE LIMA
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • Data: Sep 29, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • Amid exponential population growth, water management has been largely affected. In this way, the quantity and quality of inland waters present in nature have undergone significant changes due to the anthropic pressure around these sources. Based on this, the need to sensitize different subjects is justified, mediated here by discussions with an emphasis on water sources (with regard to water consumption) and in connection with educating for sustainability (as an integrative practice capable of transforming environmental knowledge). In this sense, the general objective of the thesis was to verify the quality of water in water bodies in the tropical semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, correlating it with the emerging needs of the society-environment problem, favoring the construction of knowledge about water through education for sustainability, at the same time seeking the understanding of teachers about the objective of sustainable development 6 (drinking water and sanitation) and its articulation with sustainability, aiming at a critical reflection on environmental citizenship in science teaching practices. In the methodological path, quali-quantitative approaches, conceptual and reflective analysis were adopted, in addition to exploratory and descriptive study. The first chapter had as its main objective to evaluate the density of cyanobacteria and the indices that infer water quality in the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu Hydrographic Basin, as well as to identify the factors with the greatest influence on the occurrence of flowering of these aquatic organisms. The density of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (DC) was high, surpassing CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, which recommends a maximum value of 50,000 cells/mL, as well as Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/2011, which indicates 20,000 cells/mL as a limit value. Chapter 2 aimed to present discussions about the role of Education for Sustainability (ES) as an instrument in the development and construction of knowledge in society, through democratic management in the use and management of water. Education for Sustainability is an important tool that goes beyond the traditional educational models employed, helping in the subject's training process and in terms of understanding human needs in the face of the problem of sustainable use of water resources. In this way, moral and ethical values articulated to educational actions in the perspective of Sustainability, in a continuous way, for different groups of society, are essential to guarantee the sustainable maintenance of the environment. The third chapter aimed to investigate how the articulation between educating for sustainability and the objective of sustainable development 6 (drinking water and sanitation) in science teaching has been worked on in schools in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. When asked about the ease of working with the theme of water, an important theme of the SDGs, some teachers indicated difficulties, these data correlate with part of the target audience of the research stating that they do not understand the SDGs satisfactorily, with regard to educating for sustainability, the responses of the participants showed a negative correlation, demonstrating that there is a greater need to insert effective methods of sustainable thoughts so that they can be disseminated in a didactic way. Conclusively, this research points out that it is extremely important to invest in education for sustainability, since it prioritizes the integration of all knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective, articulating social needs, meeting the complexity of environmental sustainability and the issues that permeate the theme of water.

6
  • TARCISIO AUGUSTO GONCALVES JUNIOR
  • EXTRACTION OF Anomalocardia flexuosa IN THE MUNICIPALY AREZ, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMETAL ASPECTS

  • Advisor : CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • DIOGENES FELIX DA SILVA COSTA
  • JAILTON DE JESUS COSTA
  • GUSTAVO HENRIQUE GONZAGA DA SILVA
  • LUIZ SODRE NETO
  • Data: Dec 11, 2023


  • Show Abstract
  • The collection of bivalve molluscs is considered one of the main activities in several fishing communities that live in coastal areas, since the human occupation of these areas, it is a practice transmitted from generation to generation that serves as a source or alternative of income and food. The objective of this work is to analyze social, economic and environmental aspects related to the exploitation of the bivalve mollusk Anomalocardia flexuosa in the environmental protection area, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The focus of the research was qualitative-quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, combining different methodological perspectives based on bibliography and field research. The study sought the primary recognition, survey and organization of data for interpretation, analysis, understanding of the activity and related environmental, economic and social aspects. Among the 43 participating shellfish gatherers, 67.4% are men and 33.6% women. 41.8% have been practicing the activity for over 20 years. None of the participants completed higher education. The collection of A. flexuosa takes place inside the Guaraíras lagoon, 79.1% try to alternate the extraction sites, 16.3% have an engine to move the canoe. 83.7% of participants changed the way they collect and process A. flexuosa to obtain meat. Three extraction techniques are used: 11.7% manually, 20.9% using dragging and 67.4% using nets with scythes. 86% of the interlocutors process A. flexuosa to obtain the meat in the ranches that are on the edge of the lagoon and from these all discard the skins in the same place. 86% sell meat to intermediaries and 44.2% claimed to collect more than R$ 1,000.00 per month with the activity, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of daily landings per shellfish gatherer is 100 ± (40.55). The research also evaluated the microbiological pattern of A. flexuosa meat in the Bonfim Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The count of mesophiles, psychotrophs and Escherichia coli was within the limits used as a parameter, the biochemical coagulase test was negative, the presence of coliforms was detected at 45°C, the absence of salmonella sp and the presence of twelve species of Gram negative bacteria with the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization source mass spectrometry – MALDI and the mass analyzer of the type time-of-flight - TOF. Essential and non-essential metals to were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry - ICP-OES in samples of A. flexuosa meat and sediment collected at the studied site. The presence of the metals Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Zinc was verified in the sediment within the limits established by current legislation. The elements Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were found in the mollusc meat within the limits established by legislation and it was observed that the concentration measured indicates that the meat of A. flexuosa can contribute to an adequate and healthy diet. The seafood activity in the researched location is representative, but it is permeated by challenges such as the lack of information for regulation, regulation, decent conditions to practice the activity, social organization, structure for processing with guaranteed quality and customer service. legislation, flow logistics, marketing at fair prices through different channels that meet legal requirements, in addition to the coexistence of fishing with other economic activities and anthropogenic actions that can generate social and environmental implications related to this production system. It is essential to mention that there are multiple interrelationships in the shellfishing activity, with a plurality of situations involving elements of a political, social, economic and environmental nature. This context indicates the need for research that seeks to understand the various aspects that involve the activity in order to improve the conditions related to it. The expectation is that the new data collected during the research will help to raise awareness about the need to develop instruments for regulating and supervising local activity. Studies on shellfishing activities on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte are commonly derived from specific and/or short-term projects. The reality observed during the work indicates the need to monitor shellfishing activity in a planned, coordinated and continuous manner.

2022
Thesis
1
  • BRUNO CÉSAR DIAS DE ALBUQUERQUE
  • NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY: LEGAL AND NORMATIVE INSTRUMENTS IN BRAZIL AND INTERACTIONS OF OUTDOOR RADON WITH MICROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES ON THE BORBOREMA PLATEAU

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ANA KEULY LUZ BEZERRA
  • NATHALIE BARBOSA REIS MONTEIRO
  • DIOGENES FELIX DA SILVA COSTA
  • FREDERICO CASTRO JOBIM VILALVA
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • Data: Feb 24, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • Radon is a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, the heaviest of all noble gases of natural origin. Rocks and soils with high concentrations of Uranium and Thorium are the main sources of Radon. Water, especially underground water that is in direct contact and confined between soils and rocks, can also contain high levels of Radon. Research has proven its carcinogenic power. Other studies try to establish relations between aspects that can influence the diffusion of the gas into the Atmosphere. In Brazil the theme is little researched and in terms of legislation it is restricted to the exploration of Uranium and Nuclear Energy. The main objectives of the research are to evaluate if the micrometeorological variables and the variation of photosynthetically active vegetation biomass explain the pattern of Radon emission, in different climatic periods, and to evaluate how the Brazilian legislation, and environmental norms approach Natural Radioactivity in different geochemical compartments aiming to suggest aspects to foment prevention, monitoring and mitigation policies. Through bibliographic and documental research, where systematic mapping methodology for environmental sciences will be used. And also field measurements and collection of soil and rocks in the municipalities of Bananeiras/PB and Cuité/PB located in the State of Paraíba, with application of statistical model, and vegetation analysis through vegetation indices. The mapping showed that the Brazilian legislation is incipient regarding natural radioactivity. It was evident that the view on radioactivity considers basically the aspects that may be related to anthropic activities, leaving gaps in relation to the radioactivity present in environmental compartments, independent of human interference. It is suggested that a position be taken in Brazil, following the example of the legislation of the countries with a history in this matter, in order to establish means to subsidize a National Plan of Actions and Monitoring of Natural Radioactivity. The behavior of Radon can indeed be influenced by micrometeorological factors, but the data showed that apparently the power of influence is only punctual. The analysis of vegetation through NDVI did not show the influence of vegetation. Apparently, the analyzed features are not able to overlap, at least for the studied areas, the background radioactivity profile for each locality.

2
  • DANIEL SOLON DIAS DE FARIAS
  • THREATENED GREEN TURTLES IN THE POTIGUAR BASIN, NORTHEAST, BRAZIL: PERSPECTIVES FOR CONSERVATION

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • SIMONE ALMEIDA GAVILAN
  • ROBSON GUIMARÃES DOS SANTOS
  • GERALDO JORGE BARBOSA DE MOURA
  • Data: Apr 13, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • The high annual stranding rates of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) recorded in recent years in Brazil, and more specifically in the Potiguar Basin region, bring to light the need to understand the presence of the species in the region, as well as its main threats. In this sense, this study aimed to analyse the pattern of occurrence of the green turtle in the Potiguar Basin, a region between the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and east of Ceará (CE), characterizing the population species stocks, as well as assess the impact of solid waste and the bioaccumulation of chemical elements in the tissues of specimens found stranded in the region. The evaluation of contamination by chemical elements (THg, Cu, Cd, Ag and Se) in tissues (liver, muscle and kidneys) of green turtles revealed levels of contamination, still unknown for these animals in the Potiguar Basin, reinforcing the role of sea turtles as sentinels of the quality of the marine ecosystem. Through the adaptation of a tool used for diet analysis, the Food Index (IAi), it was possible to assess the impact of anthropogenic debris, especially transparent flexible plastic on juvenile turtles (JUV-I), which is associated with coastal eating habits and on the surface of the species, where the highest concentrations of plastic fragments occur, associated with floating algae. The analysis of the genetic composition showed a variety of haplotypes, with a predominance of the two most registered on the western South Atlantic coast (CM-A8 and CM-A5). Our findings increase the understanding of the composition of C.mydas population stocks on the Brazilian coast, which, together with the diagnosis of impacts caused by anthropogenic contaminants and debris, especially in less studied areas, such as green turtle feeding sites, contribute to a greater organization of nesting areas recomposition strategies, with consequent improvement in the species' threat status in Brazil and in the world.

3
  • ALINE DA COSTA BOMFIM VENTURA
  • CONFLICTS OF USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE COASTAL AREA AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CONSERVATION OF SEA TURTLES IN THE POTIGUAR BASIN REGION, BRAZIL

  • Advisor : CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • FLAVIO JOSE DE LIMA SILVA
  • PEDRO PAULO DE ANDRADE SANTOS
  • RODRIGO GUIMARÃES DE CARVALHO
  • SILMARA ROSSI
  • Data: Apr 19, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • Brazil has a coast that is threatened by economic activities and accelerated urbanization process, causing ecosystem unbalance and decreasing socioenvironmental quality. The existing socioeconomic activities in the Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil, pose risks to the sea turtle species that occur in the region. We analyzed data and samples obtained of strandings and nests of sea turtles from 2010 to 2021 during Beach Monitoring Project in northeastern Brazil to assess the potential impacts of human activities on sea turtles, as well as the nesting ecology and reproductive maturation of these animals. Anthropogenic interaction was classified into 12 categories (eight related to fishing activities). We analyzed 6,007 strandings, including four sea turtle species and anthropogenic interaction was observed in 12.88% (n=774) of the strandings. Chelonia mydas represented 94.05% of the total records with anthropogenic interaction and fishing-related strandings accounted for 81.65%. Juvenile individuals were more affected than adults; likewise, females were more affected than males. Icapuí and Areia Branca are very populous municipalities, and showed large number of strandings with signs of anthropogenic interaction. Our analyses revealed that fishing-related strandings were reported throughout the year; however, a larger number of records occurred in the dry season and during the lobster-fishing season. The municipalities of Macau/RN and Guamaré/RN were the priority areas for reproduction of sea turtles, with the highest number of registered nests (60.70% and 20.82%, respectively). The nesting season for E. imbricata occurred between December and May and for L. olivacea from March to August. Hawksbills had clutch size, incubation time, number of unhatched eggs, and dead hatchlings higher than olive Ridley turtles; nevertheless, they presented lower hatching success. Precipitation between 0 and 22 mm and relative humidity (RH) higher than 69% increased the hatching success rate for E. imbricata; however, rainfall above 11 mm and RH 64% had the same effect for L. olivacea. There is anthropogenic influence on the levels of reproductive posture of females and on the hatchlings and nests of these animals; buildings, light pollution, fishing activity, egg theft and solid waste were the main impact indicators found in the area. The length of the carapace of sea turtles is not appropriate to identify the stage of reproductive maturation when used in isolation, and histological analysis is an adequate technique for this purpose, therefore, it is recommended to adopt the minimum size in which reproductive activity is observed in the gonadal tissue, through histological analysis, as a basis for the initial reproductive size. In addition, the histomorphometric analysis offers opportunities to increase the understanding of the attributes that influence the sexual maturation of these animals. The results of this research provide subsidies for management measures, mitigation, and the adoption of public policies to minimize the impacts on sea turtles, helping to conserve them.

4
  • CHRISTIANE FERNANDES DOS SANTOS
  • WHAT ARE YOU THIRSTY OF? THE TANK PROGRAM IN THE PROMOTION OF FOOD SAFETY IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

  • Advisor : CIMONE ROZENDO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • CIMONE ROZENDO DE SOUZA
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • ROBERTO MARINHO ALVES DA SILVA
  • PATRÍCIA VERÔNICA PINHEIRO SALES LIMA
  • PAULO CESAR OLIVEIRA DINIZ
  • Data: Jun 29, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • The drought that permeates the northeastern semi-arid region, although it has a natural character, triggers several social, economic and political problems expressed mainly by hunger, migrations, spread of diseases and even deaths. For decades, the discourse on combating drought has been the basis for the design of public policies; however, their results were not enough to solve the problem. At the end of the 1990s, with the strengthening discourse on coexistence with the semi-arid region, the problem of water began to be seen under a new bias, as it was observed that the main cause was not the scarcity, but the forms of distribution, storage and governance of that resource. Within this context, the Articulation of the Semi-Arid (ASA) developed the Formation and Social Mobilization Program for interaction with the Semi-Arid Region: One Million Rural Cisterns, instigating the adoption of the culture of water storage, initially for human consumption, through the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC) and, later, for food production, through the One Land and Two Waters (P1+2). Thus, the question that guided the study in question was structured as follows: How the politics of cisterns has been able to democratize access to water, guarantee food security and to be a pedagogical instrument for expanding the autonomy of beneficiaries? Therefore, the analysis was centered on the P1MC Program and P1+2. The main objective was to analyze how the technologies coming from these programs have favored access to water and food and, consequently, reflected in the food security of the beneficiary families. The thesis is organized into four main parts: the first deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects of the research (Introduction, theoretical foundation and methodological aspects). The other parts consist on elaboration of three paper whose purpose was to reflect the specific objectives of the research. The first paper, entitled “What are you thirsty of? The Cistern Programs in the Brazilian Potiguar Semiarid as Development Devices" aimed to analyze the evolution of the implementation process on Cistern Programs in the Rio Grande do Norte state, pointing out the possible implications of dismantling this politics for rural families in the Potiguar semiarid region. From a documental and bibliographic review, the trajectory of execution of these Programs was reconstituted, the state of the art was also developed, presenting the possible scenarios and consequences of their emptying. The paper evidenced that Cistern Programs have important contributions to family farming, which are expressed in different dimensions: political, social, economic. The inclusive character of the action was highlighted, as well as its mobilizing capacity, built through the valorization of knowledge and local reality. It is prominent in the studies to refer to the improvement the life quality of  population that started with the access to water for consumption and, later, enabled agroecological production, expanding the possibilities of food security. However, the discontinuity of this politics means depriving thousands of poor peasants from expanding their capacities. The second, “P1+2 and food (in) security in the Northeastern semi-arid region”, sought to understand how P1+2 expanded access to water and food, and how this is reflected in food security and in the different forms of freedoms of the beneficiary families. Through literature and documental Reading review, the development politics for the Northeast were contextualized, as well as the Program's trajectory and its contributions for the beneficiary families. The analysis was made from the perspective of development as freedom, by Sen. It was evidenced that the Program has important contributions, mainly, to food security of the beneficiary families. However, its discontinuity represents a scenario of deprivations of protective security, social opportunities and their individual freedoms. Finally, the paper “Beyond food security: the cistern politics from the perspective of coloniality/ancoloniality” aimed to reflect on how P1+2 promotes ancolonialitys processes based on access to water and food. As a methodological resource, the literature and documental review was done, as well as interviews with representatives of two executing units of the Program and with 42 beneficiary families. The field research was done in the “Sertão do Apodi” Territory, at the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). The analysis was made from the understanding of coloniality/ancoloniality as noted by Maldonado-Torres (2007) and Castro-Gómes (2012) among others. It can be observed that the P1+2 presents itself as an instrument of ancoloniality since it represents the conquest of a whole struggle that was (and is) in agreement of access, control and management of water, food and, mainly, for the food sovereignty. It is based on other epistemological logics that are built based on the ecology of knowledge, as discussed by Santos (2007), allowing families to break the hierarchies that were built, for decades, in the field of knowledge, power and being through the implemented politics from the perspective of combating drought and agricultural modernization. Despite the importance of the program as an instrument of ancoloniality being expressed, it was possible to observe some limiting elements such as, for example, financial difficulty of families to assume the counterpart required by the Program; the dependence of families on the municipal government to pay for the energy of the pumps that supply the cisterns and also for their refueling in periods of drought; and the need to buy water at a certain time of the year. The study presents an interdisciplinary approach as it mobilizes readings and reflections from different areas of knowledge. In general, it was evidenced that the P1MC and the P1+2 allow access to water and food, contributing to the food security of the beneficiary families, constituting themselves as important instruments of ancoloniality and freedom.

5
  • ADJUTO RANGEL JUNIOR
  • Environmental Factors Driving the Phytoplankton Community and the Ecological Responses of Water Supply Reservoirs in a Brazilian Tropical Semiarid Region

  • Advisor : IVANEIDE ALVES SOARES DA COSTA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • KAOLI PEREIRA CAVALCANTE
  • GUSTAVO HENRIQUE GONZAGA DA SILVA
  • IVANEIDE ALVES SOARES DA COSTA
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • Data: Oct 27, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • The climatic conditions of the Brazilian Semiarid Region (BSR) promote a scenario of vulnerability to water scarcity, which throughout the century encouraged the creation of artificial reservoirs to ensure water security, especially during drought periods. However, the multiple use of water increases the load of nutrients in the reservoirs, which are concentrated due to the high evaporation rates and the high residence time, making these systems more susceptible to eutrophication and contributing to water quality deterioration. Consequently, excessive growth of the phytoplankton community occurs, causing significant risks to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, mainly when there is a proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria. Thus, the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community may vary over time, and thus can be investigated and used as a tool to evaluate environmental pressures. In this context a useful way to investigate the phytoplankton community is by grouping the organisms based on similarities in adaptive and functional strategies, such as morphophysiological characteristics that respond to light and nutrient availability. The functional approach may be helpful in establishing relationships between the species’ traits and ecological processes. The present study aims to evaluate the environmental factors that drive the water quality and the phytoplankton community in seven reservoirs with different trophic degrees, in the semi-arid region of Ceará State, Northeast Brazil. Surface water samples (n = 56) were collected quarterly over two years (February 2018 to November 2019) in the dam area, where the catchment for human supply is located. In each sampling, hydroclimatic variables, physicochemical water variables, and biological components were investigated. In general, limnological variables were strongly influenced by the seasonal effect (between rainy and dry seasons). However, the results were variable among the reservoirs, indicating that intrinsic responses should be considered. In addition to precipitation, morphometric characteristics (size and depth) and land use of the reservoirs were important factors determining water quality. Reduced water volume increased concentrations of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) and algal biomass (chlorophyll-a) in the reservoirs regardless of the season. However, eutrophication was enhanced during the rainy season, probably due to the loading of allochthonous material from the basin. The relatively low nutrient concentrations associated with the conditions of good water quality in Tatajuba (TAT) and Cachoeira (CAC) and moderate in Prazeres (PRA), Olho D'Água (ODA), and Rosário (ROS) seem to be limiting phytoplankton growth and, consequently, primary production in these systems. On the other hand, Lima Campos (LIC) and Ubaldinho (UBA) reservoirs showed the highest concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and turbidity regardless of climatic conditions, showing that the sources are continuous, and the water quality of these reservoirs is more threatened. A total of 159 phytoplankton taxa were identified in the investigated reservoirs, distributed mainly in green algae (77 spp.), cyanobacteria (52 spp.), and diatoms (15 spp.), but also Euglenophyceae (eight spp.), Cryptophyceae (three spp.), Xantophyceae (three spp.) and Dinophyceae (one spp.). The identified taxa were included in 23 functional groups (RFGs), of which 13 (F, H1, J, K, Lm, Lo, M, MP, N, P, S1, Sn and W1) were considered descriptors of the reservoirs and contributed > 70% of the total biovolume. In general, a decrease in richness and diversity was observed towards the higher trophic gradient (e.g., LIC and UBA), while the opposite occurred for phytoplankton biovolume. The RFGs were representative of the trophic state of the investigated reservoirs and showed signs of eutrophication under oligo- to mesotrophic conditions. Overall, light availability and nutrient concentration were the main xii factors that determined the environmental threshold for the dominance and abundance of RFGs. Thus, the functional RFGs approach proved to be a clear tool to distinguish water quality of reservoirs according to their trophic state. Also, the higher biomass and dominance of cyanobacteria in LIC and UBA were probably driven by the conditions of high turbidity, stable water column, and eutrophication. In these reservoirs, specific cyanobacterial taxa represented > 98% of the phytoplankton biomass and were influenced by different abiotic factors. For example, total nitrogen and phosphorus were positively related to Microcystis aeruginosa and nitrate to Dolichospermum solitarium, while pH and nitrite were positively associated with Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Planktolyngbya limnetica. Microcystins were detected throughout the study in both reservoirs, with 100% of the LIC samples above the limit established by the Brazilian legislation (1 µg L-1 ) and 50% of the UBA samples. Thus, our findings show the need for mitigation measures and better water management in the studied reservoirs, avoiding the deterioration of water quality and compromising multiple uses, especially considering climate change scenarios, since potential cyanotoxin producers are becoming more frequent due to adaptive capacities and global changes.

6
  • URSULA THAIS DE PAULA MEDEIROS
  • EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS: IMPACT OF CARBAMAZEPINE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • JOANA DARC FREIRE DE MEDEIROS
  • LUCIANA DE CASTRO MEDEIROS
  • MÔNICA TEJO CAVALCANTI
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • Data: Dec 15, 2022


  • Show Abstract
  • Emerging micropollutants are contaminants, of natural or anthropogenic origin, not monitored or environmentally legislated, which may affect the quality of aquatic ecosystems and public health. Such microcontaminates include a variety of substances, including drugs, which draw attention, both for their occurrence in the environment and for their potential to cause adverse effects. The increasing use of medicines and their inappropriate disposal, which in turn persist in the effluents even after the treatments received, in the most diverse technologies, and return to the aquatic matrices is what contributes to environmental contamination. Studies coupling the occurrence of drugs in treated domestic effluents and the ecotoxicological representation of the consequences arising from environmental exposure are essential to understand the potential threats to public health, as there are still few studies on the relationship of damage to the genetic material of organisms exposed to these drugs -contaminants and their metabolites that may have biological action even at low concentrations. In this work, we observed the presence of a psychoactive drug, Carbamazepine-CBZ, which is widely used in the five continents of the world. Despite the extensive use of this compound, there is a lack of information about genetic toxicity, which makes the indirect consumption of this substance, through the aquatic matrix, a risk for populations. Given this context, the present work aimed to investigate the toxic potential of CBZ at the cellular level. In vitro assays in HepG2 cells for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity were performed, using the cell viability assay through the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium] bromide reduction test – MTT and the Micronucleus Assay with Cytokinesis Blockade – CBMN, respectively, in addition to discussing the advances and challenges for the implementation of regulations to establish limits for the release of drugs into the environment through the action of this compound, mainly involving the disposal of these compounds through domestic effluents and the contribution to surface water bodies. The results show that, even understanding the environmental and health consequences of drug contamination, there was insufficient practical implementation of knowledge through pro-environmental attitudes. The results also show that psychotropic compounds present in different environmental compartments, mainly aquatic matrices, have the potential to cause alterations in the genetic material of human liver cells. Therefore, this study as a whole leads to the conclusion that all these factors associated with the problem of the social and environmental policy presented - increasing use, inappropriate disposal and lack of regulation - may be contributing to contamination and, consequently, to the probable deregulation of proper functioning. genetics of the exposed organisms.

2021
Thesis
1
  • KÁRLIA DALLA SANTA AMARAL
  • DESALINATION SYSTEMS IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES.

  • Advisor : JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • JOANA DARC FREIRE DE MEDEIROS
  • JOSÉ ARAÚJO DANTAS
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • Data: May 27, 2021


  • Show Abstract
  • Most of the territory of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) is inserted within the drought polygon, a region where more than half of the population live in rural areas. To improve the drinking water in the region, desalination equipment was installed, however, this equipment has generated a large amount of brackish waste. Thus, this study sought to investigate the quality of underground water and desalination by-products in agricultural activities and to evaluate community perceptions of this technology. The database used, which was mostly provided by the Programa Água Doce (PAD), consisted water quality reports and semi-structured interviews carried out in 33 municipalities in RN. An evaluation of underground water for irrigation purposes, which is discussed in the first chapter, revealed that the pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, manganese, uranium, and zinc levels were above the limits recommended to cultivate vegetables. The waters in almost half of the wells presented high risks of soil salinization (43%), but low risks of sodification (45%). All the water sources analyzed were inadequate to cultivate most sensitive plants as they had sodium levels (> 115 mg/L) that can cause some degree of leaf damage. With respect to raising livestock, STD, the concentrations of magnesium, sulphate and manganese were above the maximum recommended values. In the second chapter, the physical-chemical composition of the groundwater and concentrate was used to determine quality indices, given their use in irrigation and livestock desedimentation. Well water (51%) and concentrate (65%) qualities were found to have higher percentages classified as poor and very poor for plant growth, respectively. Conversely, most of the groundwater (87%) and brackish waste (71%) were classified in the best quality classes (excellent and good) for livestock raising. A diagnosis of the desalination systems, which is carried out in the third chapter, revealed that in 42 locations 53% of the families used the desalination systems. Fixed monthly expenses such as: electricity (62%), operator salaries (90%) and reserve funds (100%) were mostly paid by communities themselves. After the desalinizators were implanted, an evaluation of the management model and service performance was carried out and revealed a 90% satisfactory response rate (excellent and good) for each aspect and/or variable analyzed. With respect to perceptions on the quality of sources of consumed water (cisterns and desalinated water), which were evaluated in four locations, 46% of respondents reported perceiving changes in the organoleptic properties of the water, mainly that they could taste chlorine and/or salts. About half of the respondents said they had received information on good hygiene and sanitary practices. Diseases, such as diarrhea and verminosis, were the most frequently cited examples. Community management tools proved to be important to maintaining desalinizators. However, this study found that there is a need for greater awareness among the population, for example through educational approaches and social communication, on the risks associated with this water for human consumption.

2
  • PAULO RICARDO COSME BEZERRA
  • SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE MATO GRANDE POTIGUAR TERRITORY

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • DENES DANTAS VIEIRA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • JOSÉ GOMES FERREIRA
  • MARISTELA OLIVEIRA DE ANDRADE
  • Data: Jun 30, 2021


  • Show Abstract
  • The difficulties found in the territory of Mato Grande Potiguar for the development of daily activities in rural areas, promote poverty and unemployment, of the small producer, leading to the rural exodus to the capital, Natal, and other regions of Brazil. Seeking to change this reality, the wind companies operating in this territory started a project in 2017 stimulating territorial development and boosting economic growth, through training to foster innovation through the dissemination of social technologies as an alternative for solving various economic problems , social and environmental. In this context, this Thesis collaborates and guides the understanding of new forms of social relations, land use and occupation, coexistence with the territory and the creation of businesses with social impact, answering a central question: To what extent do social technologies contribute for the sustainable development of rural communities in the Mato Grande Potiguar territory? The field research will be supported by a methodological basis that incorporates the quantitative reality of the profile of small rural producers and description of the territory, use of social technologies and mapping of businesses with social and qualitative impact, analyzing people's behavior, territorial transformation, its surroundings and the development of the territory. And yet, to analyze the perception of residents regarding the contribution of wind farms to the promotion of sustainable development in the Mato Grande Potiguar territory, which according to them is more disaggregating than aggregating, because it promotes economic growth, accelerating market efficiency, generating jobs and promoting new businesses, but social and environmental aspects are negative variables that deserve attention. The organization of the design of the impact value chain of the Theory of Change applied to rural communities in the Mato Grande Potiguar territory allows us to identify and analyze the relationship between what was planned and the results obtained in the measurements, thus considering that the constructed social technologies generate positive impact on rural communities and promote social, economic and environmental improvement. The technologies implemented on rural properties promote environmental awareness, capacity building - “I can do it”. The actions developed in rural communities served to reinforce the understanding that the adversities in the territory of Mato Grande are not limiting factors. And, social impact businesses are presented as a key instrument with a high potential for improving the living conditions of small rural producers. However, factors such as management knowledge, entrepreneurial vocation, lack of infrastructure to transport production, absence of credit policies for production and investments, making the consolidation of entrepreneurial activity fragile.

3
  • MARIA DE FÁTIMA BATISTA DUTRA
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT APPLIED TO CACTUS PEAR

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • JOSEMIR MOURA MAIA
  • JOSÉ ARAÚJO DANTAS
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • NATONIEL FRANKLIN DE MELO
  • PAULO SERGIO MARINHO LUCIO
  • Data: Aug 25, 2021


  • Show Abstract
  • In the semi-arid region of Brazilian North-east, the oscillation of rainfalls have influenced to the systems of exploration from small farmers to do not achieve acceptable results, generating severe consequences on the condition of income, and, consequently of these farmers’ live, the northeastern population that did not have found the synchronism between traditional culture and imperatives of the environment yet. A relevant fact of this region is the cacti in the semi-arid ambience present extremal importance to sustainability of caatinga biome, assisting as fountain of fodder and food to animals, especially in severe drought season with focus on cactus pear. One of the hardest difficulties to the development of cactus pear culture is the limited availability of cultivable material, being highly slow the conventional propagation system. Therefore, biotechnology is a tool with a huge importance to provide benefits to different sectors of society, especially farming, for this reason the micropropagation has been used successfully to different species, looking for an efficient multiplication system for these cacti. Thus, the general purpose of this work was to investigate through biotechnology, a fast and efficient method of investigation to cactus pear tolerant to carmine cochineal to be used in the north-east semi-arid, contributing to improve the agricultural and economic potential of the Rio Grande do Norte and consequently coexistence with the semi-arid. In this way, this search quested to develop to micropropagation protocol with two cactus pear varieties, “Miúda” and “Mexican Elefant Ear”, compared to in vitro development pattern and made acclimatization in greenhouse, pointing tolerant materials to Cochineal Carmine favourable to being cultivated in this region. In the last chapter, throughout the application of questionnaires to the familiar farmers, It was identified the socio-economic profile of who cultivates cactus pear of varieties of this research of some municipalities in the Rio Grande do Norte. Succinctly, after 120 days of in vitro cultivation it was recognized that the applied methodology has the potential to increment the yield of genetic material multiplication with a high value to the cactus culture, the two explored selections are promising and showed a great adaptation in the acclimatization stage. The farmers socio-economic profile was characterized for show some relevant particularities in municipalities of the Rio Grande do Norte such as the predominance of male sex, creation of subsistence, low degree of instruction, plantation in the conventional system of cultivation and lack of pest control. The relevant information to the culture of cactus pear reported in this work demonstrates its potential however there are several elucidations about its utility and applications that should be investigated.

4
  • CÁSSIO LÁZARO SILVA INÁCIO
  • MOSQUITO VECTORS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION: SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND BIOECOLOGICAL FACTORS

  • Advisor : MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ADRIANA FERREIRA UCHOA
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • MARÍLIA GABRIELA DOS SANTOS CAVALCANTI
  • PATRICIA BATISTA BARRA MEDEIROS BARBOSA
  • Data: Aug 31, 2021


  • Show Abstract
  • Mosquitoes are insects present all over the planet. Currently, about 3,578 species are known. In Brazil, about 530 mosquito species are reported, and among these, some are considered vectors of disease-causing pathogens. It is estimated that about 80 species occur in Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte, 76 species have already been recorded. Mosquitoes are holometabolic insects, i.e., they have complete metamorphosis, passing through the stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult. The immatures inhabit the aquatic environment, and their breeding sites are diverse, and can be natural or artificial, temporary or permanent. Adults live freely outside the water and are responsible for reproduction; they feed on carbohydrates of plant origin, however, only the females are adapted to also feed on blood. They feed on carbohydrates of vegetable origin; however, only the females are adapted to also feed on blood. This blood feeding ends up favoring the infection and transmission of pathogens. Rio Grande do Norte has been suffering over the years with epidemics of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, diseases whose main vector is the Aedes aegypti. Studies on the mosquito fauna in the state are still scarce, thus requiring further research for a better understanding of the relationships of these insects in the transmission of pathogens and with the environment. In this sense, the present work sought to analyze the fauna of Culicidae in the municipality of Currais Novos in urban and preserved natural areas. In the urban area, the monthly monitoring of the Aedes aegypti population was performed with the use of ovitraps. The traps were installed weekly in the household, equidistant about 300m, and replaced every seven days. We calculated the indexes Ovitrap Positivity Index (OVI), Egg Density Index (EDI), and Mean Egg Index (MSI) for each period studied, which are important for understanding the population dynamics and reproductive period of mosquitoes. A total of 92,340 eggs were collected during the study, between May/2018 March/2020. The ovitrap positivity index showed a positive correlation with rainfall. Viral research in adult insects from eggs revealed evidence of a possible new insect-specific virus by phylogenetic inference methods: Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Neighbor-Joining. In the natural area, collections were made monthly using ovitraps, active search for immatures in natural breeding sites, and Shannon traps for adult insects in the Apertados Canyon. A total of 15 taxa were found, 14 immature and 13 adult mosquitoes. The correlation of the insects with local climatic variables was observed. For immature mosquitoes, 14 breeding sites were recorded. A total of 2,342 adult mosquitoes were collected between 5pm-8pm. Haemagogus spegazzinii was the only wild species found naturally infected with arbovirus, dengue virus type 2. It was also observed that the species' cycle lasts about 14 days from hatching to adulthood. Eggs of this species can resist desiccation for 380 days, and the adults of the species can have 4 morphotypes. Thus, the present work contributes to the understanding of the human implications facing the epidemiology of arboviroses in urban and natural environments. In this aspect, the monitoring of mosquito populations helps in policies for the control and combat of these insects and with the knowledge of the relationships between mosquitoes in the semiarid region of Brazil, about the niches, bioecology, frequency, abundance, and seasonality of mosquitoes.

2020
Thesis
1
  • FELIPHE LACERDA SOUZA DE ALENCAR
  • BIOPROSPECTION OF Chromobacterium violaceum FOR LEAD BIORIMEDIATION: APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • SILVIA REGINA BATISTUZZO DE MEDEIROS
  • FABIO TEIXEIRA DUARTE
  • NATALY ALBUQUERQUE DOS SANTOS
  • Data: May 4, 2020


  • Show Abstract
  • The presence of toxic waste in the environment can cause harm not only to ecological balance, but also to human health. This problem is intensified when the perimeter of industries approaches populated areas, especially those inserted in regions surrounding rivers, weirs and reservoirs, such as the municipality of Lages Pintadas, located in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, which suffers impacts resulting from both anthropic action and natural radiation, with heavy metal lead as an important impacting residue. Given the above, we present the need for the development and application of management and maintenance tools for environments impacted by lead, based on the study of the bioremediation potential of different strains of Chromobacterium violaceum. The isolation and microbiological identification of the respective bacterial strains occurred according to the methodology recommended by the Standard Methods for Examinations of Water and Wastewater. The strains were tested for the pattern of lead resistance in decreasing concentrations and different exposure times, then evaluated by scanning electron microscopy different bacterial arrangements against the metal, followed by the evaluation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of the levels of metallic removal tested in the presence of C. violaceum. Oxidative stress was based on the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). After electrophoresis - SDS-PAGE, each lane was excised according to the protein density. Protein sequencing was performed in a liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer. The observed data are promising, with regard to the viability of using C. violaceum as a bioremediation tool to combat and mitigate the problematic pollution and environmental contamination by heavy metals. The resistance profiles of C. violaceum in face of high concentrations of Pb (NO3)2 indicate the metabolic versatility of this organism. Both strains showed similar resistance patterns when exposed to the lowest concentrations of Pb (NO3)2, 1 to 5 mM. However, the SCV1 strain, isolated from the environment, showed a more efficient resistance pattern than the ATCC 12472 strain, standard strain, especially between concentrations of 7 to 10 mM. When comparing the efficiency regarding in vitro Pb (NO3)2 removal in the medium, the SCV1 strain was able to remove up to twice as much metal concentration when compared to ATCC. Observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the ability of C. violaceum to withstand concentrations of up to 10 mM Pb (NO3)2, without, however, undergoing significant changes in its structure, maintaining its bacillary shape. The analysis of total proteins revealed a total of 1930 proteins in both strains. In ATCC 12472, 21.3% of proteins had transport-related functions, mainly associated with the ABC-type transport system. Complexation and biomolecular binding mechanisms were present in about 70% of the proteins of the ATCC strain and in 60% in the SCV1 strain, of which a large part was associated with the complexation of metals, such as iron, zinc, copper and manganese and magnesium. In addition, repair proteins, cell resistance and response to oxidative stress were identified in both strains, such as Glutathione-S-transferases. Most of the supra regulated proteins of both strains performed functions related to complexation, transport, efflux, or mechanisms associated with the repair of genetic material, response to oxidative stress and cell resistance. This is the first study on the resistance proteomics of C. violaceum against heavy metal lead. The relative metabolic efficiency observed in the wild strain of C. violaceum in relation to ATCC suggests that bacteria when exposed to certain polluting agents and contaminants tend to develop resistance mechanisms against the selective pressures imposed by the medium. Changes in the protein profile of C. violaceum under oxidative stress indicate metabolic reprogramming and reveal the important adaptability of this bacterium. Numerous so-called hypothetical proteins with a probable association with the transport of biomolecules, efflux systems and ionic complexation were identified in this study. Such observation opens up to the scientific field the possibility of studying and unraveling these proteins as possible candidates for bioremediation processes against lead and other heavy metals.

2
  • KÍVIA SOARES DE OLIVEIRA
  • VEGETABLE BIOTECHNOLOGY, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: SUBSIDIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF Hancornia speciosa Gomes

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • DANIEL DURANTE PEREIRA ALVES
  • PRISCILA FABIANA MACEDO LOPES
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • NATONIEL FRANKLIN DE MELO
  • Data: Jul 10, 2020


  • Show Abstract
  • The mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit species from Brazil wich has a broad geographic distribution that goes from the Cerrado to the coastal plains of the Northeast, being well known for socio-economic, environmental and cultural importance. In the last decade the intensification of human actions has contributed to the significant reduction in their native fields, thus, to their genetic diversity. This justifies the imminent need for alternatives that enable its recovery in natural environment and the conservation of their genotypes. In this context, the general objective of the thesis was to propose the development of strategies that support the ex situ and in situ conservation of mangabeira using as tools plant biotechnology and ethnobotanical studies. Thus, this study includes approaches that involve aspects of plant biotechnology in the ex situ conservation of mango trees; morphological characterization of the species H. speciosa in different landscape units, as well as an ethnobotanical approach which sought to characterize the knowledge, use and main local management practices involving the species. Therefore, one of the stages of this research generated chapter 1, entitled: “Slow growth in vitro culture for the conservation of Hancornia speciosa Gomes”. In it, mangrove nodal explants were inoculated in MS culture media containing varying concentrations of sorbitol and sucrose osmotic agents, in order to observe which treatment would induce slow growth of the culture without affecting plant viability. After 120 days, it was verified from the statistical analysis with 5% of significance that the addition of osmotic agents in the concentration of 5 g L-1 sorbitol + 15 g L-1 sucrose reduces the growth rate in vitro maintaining the viability of the plant. Increasing sorbitol concentrations in combination with sucrose reduces in vitro growth; however, they were not viable for the maintaining of plants during 120 days of cultivation.

3
  • FÁTIMA AURILANE DE AGUIAR LIMA ARARIPE
  • MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS IN SETENTRIONAL SERTANEJA DEPRESSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON CAATINGA CONSERVATION

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • DIOGENES FELIX DA SILVA COSTA
  • EDSON VICENTE DA SILVA
  • ILTON ARAUJO SOARES
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • RAMIRO GUSTAVO VALERA CAMACHO
  • Data: Aug 31, 2020


  • Show Abstract
  • Protected Areas (PA) are important tools for maintaining biodiversity worldwide. For that, it is necessary that these PA understand territories representative of the country's biomes, as well as have a good quality of management. A biome that needs attention regarding thestudy of its protected areas is the Caatinga, because it is exclusively Brazilian, because it is still little known and valued and because it has a small percentage of protected territory. In order to better understand the conservation effectiveness status of PA in this biome, it is necessary to evaluate its management. Thus, the aforementioned thesis aims to analyze the management effectiveness of federal PA, ESEC de Aiuaba (CE), ESEC do Seridó (RN), FLONA de Sobral (CE) and FLONA de Açu (RN) of the Ecoregion of Depression Sertaneja Northern. To assess this management effectiveness, the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) methodology was applied. This analysis was carried out based on 3 objectives, each corresponding to an article that composes this thesis. Chapter 1 aimed to identify the indicators of the RAPPAM method most related to the management effectiveness of the four UCs analyzed. For that, data were collected from the application of the methodology in the 2005/2006 cycles; 2010 (data obtained from the reports of ICMBio and WWF-BRASIL (2012)) and 2019/2020 (the researcher applied the methodology in this period) and a Principal Component Analysis was made from these data. Chapter 2 aimed to assess the pressures and threats that permeate four federal UCs of the Northern Country Depression. For this, the data collected from RAPPAM 2019/2020 were used, making an assessment of the pressures and threats existing in the PA, listing aspects of pressure criticality and threat criticality, pressure trend and threat probability. Chapter 3 aimed to investigate the management effectiveness index of the four federal UCs mentioned above, using the RAPPAM methodology, in the 2019/2020 cycle. The data obtained led to the analysis of effectiveness based on a survey of pressures and threats, the context in which the PA are inserted (Biological Importance, Socioeconomic Importance and Vulnerability), in addition to determining the General Management Effectiveness Index obtained from analysis of the elements: Planning, Inputs, Processes and Results. In general, the two Ecological Stations (ESECs), PA of Integral Protection (IP), showed high effectiveness, while the two National Forests (FLONAs), PA of Sustainable Use (US), showed Average effectiveness. The main indicators (modules) that contributed to this result were: Management Planning, Research, Evaluation and Monitoring; Design and Planning of the Area, in addition to the Decision-Making Process. The main pressures and threats identified were: hunting, exotic and invasive species, semi-natural processes and pasture. Finally, it can be considered that the main problems found in PA are related to the element Inputs, which comprises Human and Financial Resources, Communication and Information, in addition to Infrastructure. In this sense, improving the conditions of the Inputs, directly impacts the planning, evaluation, monitoring and decision-making activities, which in turn contribute to the effective management of these areas. With these results in mind, priority strategies can be outlined to ensure the conservation capacity of the Caatinga UCs in the Northern Depression region analyzed in this research.

2019
Thesis
1
  • THIAGO FARIAS NÓBREGA
  • USE OF NATIVE SPECIES IN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSAY TO EVALUATE THE WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY OF THE DOCE RIVER WATERSHED, RN

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • IVANEIDE ALVES SOARES DA COSTA
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • ODETE ROCHA
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • Data: Feb 21, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • In the Doce River watershed (RDW), Brazilian Northeast, there is an unplanned occupation, pollution and high water deficit. These factors were aggravated by the drought that started in 2012, and lasted for 5 years. Studies already carried out on this watershed showed high levels of anthropization on their shells near the coast (Extremoz Lake and Doce river). However there are few information pertaining to their spring areas, in the Mudo and Guajiru rivers. This research sought to describe the chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of the water and sediment, of eight reservoirs of water, located in the sub basins of the Mute and Guajiru Rivers, in 2016. In addition, this work proposes the use of Cladocera, that occurring naturally in the watershed, in ecotoxicological studies. This information is divided into three chapters.The first titled " Using Indigenous Cladocera from Doce River Watershed, Northeast of Brazil, as alternatives to exotic organisms in Ecotoxicological Studies.", deployed the culture and described the life story of two native species (Moina micrura and Ceriodaphnia cornuta), compared to a species already standardized and widely used in ecotoxicological studies (Ceriodaphnia dubia). As expected, the species Ceriodaphnia spp. exhibit similar life history variables. In intraspecific comparison, records indicate better results for the cultivation methodology used in this study compared to data available in the literature. It was noticed that M. micrura is more tolerant to the reference substance (NaCl), followed by C. cornuta and C. dubia. The increased tolerance to salinity of native species is a positive factor, with possibility of indication for their use in semi-arid climates, environments in which events of toxicity could be assigned with greater safety to other parameters not to salinity natural, common in reservoirs affected by prolonged droughts. The second chapter "Surface water quality of temporary reservoirs located between the semi-arid region and the Brazilian northeast coast", the aim of this work was to analyze physical, chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics in relation to rainfall, soil occupancy and water quality criteria. It was found that electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, Cd, Ni and chloride were significantly different between the sub basins, this is probably due, different lithologies. The Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn content, present disconformity to quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life, for human consumption and animal breeding. The Pb and EC also showed values higher than those indicated for irrigation. Toxic effects were also observed for the reproduction of M. micrura and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, which suggests the bioavailability of Pb, Cu and Zn. The third chapter, " Shallow surface water reservoir in the Brazilian semiarid: ecotoxicological and geochemical analysis of sediment.", this study aimed to describe the behavior of metals (Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn Pb, Zn and Cr), organic matter (O.M.), carbonate and particle size, in relation to climate and lithology. Took into consideration possible toxic effects to the Hyalella azteca e H. meinerti, pollution indicative. It was observed that the behavior of metals over most sampling stations was not significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. However, in the sampling stations with the highest population densification, toxic effects were verified, with mortality higher than the 20%.

2
  • ILTON ARAUJO SOARES
  • SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT OF CONSERVATION UNITS

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • DIOGENES FELIX DA SILVA COSTA
  • EDSON VICENTE DA SILVA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • JOSE PETRONILO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • RODRIGO GUIMARÃES DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Feb 26, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • The objective of this paper was to analyze management effectiveness and the socio-environmental sustainability of the Jenipabu Environmental Protection Area – APAJ, located on the eastern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The research is divided into two parts: one on a state scale, where was conducted an integrated study of the conservation units – UCs located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte from spatial variables and instruments of planning and management; and another on local scale, where were investigated the main socio-environmental conflicts, the effectiveness of management and the sustainability of the APAJ. Were used the dialectical method and the systemic approach, and the methodological procedures involved: field surveys, application of the questionnaire and form, content analysis, aerial photogrammetric mapping using unmanned aerial vehicle, temporal analysis of aerial images, assembly of a geographic database through GIS, selection and analysis of the sustainability indicators applied to units of conservation and use of descriptive statistics techniques. The results of the research are divided into four paper: in the first one was made an analysis of the context of the UCs located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte from spatial variables and instruments of planning and management, in order to serve as subsidies for the planning and management of these protected areas. In the second paper the main socio-environmental conflicts of the APAJ were investigated. In the third paper, an adaptation of the RAPPAM methodology was developed to analyze and measure the management effectiveness of the study area. In the last paper was made an analysis of the sustainability of the APAJ from of the selection of sustainability indicators. The data obtained on a state scale showed that of the 27 UCs located in the state, 12 have management board and eight have a managing plan. The marine biome has 173,183 ha of area protected by UCs, the Atlantic forest 89,587 ha and the Caatinga biome has 43,565.  The set of UCs analyzed presented some geospatial asymmetries, which are: there is a higher concentration of UCs located on the eastern coast; the Atlantic forest biome has approximately 25% of its protected territory, while the caatinga biome, which occupies most of the Potiguar territory, has less than 1% of protected area to UCs; the majority of UCs and most of the territory protected by these areas belong to the category of sustainable use, that provides less protection to biodiversity than integral protection UCs. Given this scenario, it is necessary to prioritise the creation of UCS in the Caatinga biome and establish the areas of integral protection as a priority management group for the creation of new UCS. Regarding the results at local scale, seven types of socio-environmental conflicts were identified in the Apaj, the main one of them was the irregular occupation of the fixed and movable dunes fields by residences and commercial properties. In addition, its implementation did not lead to territorial reordering of the area. Regarding the effectiveness of management, the APAJ has an average degree of effectiveness of 42.25%, however, very close to the degree of low effectiveness. The main pressures and threats were human occupation, tourism and recreation and collection of non-timber products. The indicators of the RAPPAM methodology that presented the lowest values were: financial resources, human resources, results, infrastructure and research, evaluation and monitoring. The results of the research point to a framework of unsustainability and that APAJ does not have a strategic planning and management that lead to the achievement of its creation goals. In addition, the results suggest a pessimistic future scenario with possible reduction of effectiveness and sustainability, if no measures are taken to increase financial and human resources, strategic planning and management, implementation of the monitoring and control instruments of the management plan.

3
  • LUCIANA DE CASTRO MEDEIROS
  • HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT BY EXPOSURE TO CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS OF WATER FROM PUBLIC SUPPLY SYSTEM 

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • JEAN LEITE TAVARES
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • VANESSA BECKER
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • Data: Feb 27, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • In front to the population growth and the degradation of water quality from public supply sources, it is becoming challenging supply to populations of safe water with ideal quality and quantity through the most commonly used treatment technologies. Water treatment plants (WTP) are constituted by different treatment technologies worldwide used. The processes of filtration and disinfection are required in the water treatment for human supply. However, in these processes there may be the generation of residues or by-products that could cause health risks to the population. A systematic review about toxicologic aspect of trihalomethanes (THM) generated in the disinfection process by chlorination of water from supply distribution system, in which the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic of THM was shown along with the demonstration of the need for studies aimed assess in a more realistic way the exposure condition of the population to this family of toxic substances.  Moreover this study propose to assess the efficiency of the water potability treatment from a water net supply and the related health risks linked to the THMs exposure through the public water distribution system. Physico-chemical, microbiological and hydrobiological analyses were performed. The results showed that the THM´s formation is related to chlorination conditions, such as contact time and concentration of it, as well as the raw water characteristics, such as the concentration and properties of organic matter. However, the filter washing water (FWW) treated in a sedimentation pond and recirculated in the system contributed to the cyanobacterial bloom, which are potentially producing cyanotoxins. Public supply water treated in a source with high organic matter, direct filtration, FWW recirculation and chlorine disinfection has sanitary risks due to the high THMs formation. In this way, it is evident that the WTP operationalization concept for treating raw water with high organic matter loading poses risks to the population supplied, since they contribute to the formation of high concentrations of THM and the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of exposure the amount of these compounds to consumers of treated water from a tropical lagoon.

4
  • DOUGLISNILSON DE MORAIS FERREIRA
  • EVALUATION OF RISK IN THE REUSE OF DOMESTIC SEWAGE USED IN AGRICULTURE

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ANDRE LUIS CALADO ARAUJO
  • JEAN LEITE TAVARES
  • JULIANA DELGADO TINOCO
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • LUIZ PEREIRA DE BRITO
  • Data: Feb 28, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • Water scarcity is a current problem of global relevance. In the national scenario, this reality reaches high levels of drought in most of the year, especially in the semi-arid region, and it is necessary to search for mitigating alternatives, such as agricultural reuse, a practice commonly used in several countries, and growing in Brazil. However, the country does not have specific legislation that includes guiding limits of parameters for the sewage used, which can minimize the impacts generated to health and the environment. In this sense, this work carried out a sensorial diagnosis with the resident residents in the vicinity of Domestic Sewage Treatment Stations, in order to evaluate the impacts caused by the operation. At the same time, from the guidelines and international legislation dealing with this issue, a bibliographic review was carried out to propose safety limits for agricultural reuse and subsequent definition of risk indexes (IRA, ITR), involving parameters of greater sanitary significance (physical, chemical, biological). In the application of these indices, the municipalities of Caicara do Rio do Vento, Parelhas, Pedro Velho and Santana do Serido, located in Rio Grande do Norte, were used as a field of action, due to the existence of reuse activities for human and animal feeding. In the perception, carried out in Parelhas and Pedro Velho, the impacts produced by the treatment system, such as odor and mosquito proliferation - causing economic, social and sanitary problems - contribute to population rejection. On the other hand, there was considerable acceptance in the reuse of sewage in agricultural activities. When dealing with the limits and indexes proposed, these are the first step towards a future regulatory incorporation of the activity, having as primary field of application the semiarid, but expandable to the different regions, by the similarity in the conditions, efficiency and operation of the Stations of the country, composed mostly of systems of Stabilization Ponds.

5
  • ANA CECÍLIA FEITOSA DE VASCONCELOS
  • SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY INDICATORS: proposal of framework and application in the city of Natal - RN

  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • GESINALDO ATAÍDE CÂNDIDO
  • MÔNICA MARIA SOUTO MAIOR
  • SERGIO MURILO SANTOS DE ARAÚJO
  • Data: Mar 8, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • The definition of socio-environmental vulnerability involves a more integrated perception of the living conditions of a given population. It should be noted that the impacts of natural disasters reconfigure urban scenarios and impact the form and condition of people's lives, but also, that context of society construction and the process of urban expansion in Brazilian cities, makes a part of the population does not know their rights and intensely undergo an overlapping of social inequalities: poverty, spatial segregation, lack of urban comfort and, above all, the rights to citizenship. In this context, this thesis aims to propose a model for the analysis of socio-environmental vulnerability of Brazilian cities, based on the proposal of a set of social and environmental indicators that consider social and urban issues. For this, it is characterized concerning the method as deductive, being classified as qualitative and quantitative research. Regarding the objectives, it is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive research, because it is a current and recent theme that opens up several possibilities for investigation, offering subsidies to broaden the debate and providing significant scientific and practical contributions. The results present a set of eight themes and 134 indicators that make possible a new perspective for the socio-environmental vulnerability analysis, which were applied in the city of Natal (RN) and indicated that the level of socio-environmental vulnerability was 0.4709, classified as 'High'. This result is considered unsatisfactory and worrying, because it places the city in front of many problems that demand urgency in its resolution, as a way of guaranteeing minimal quality of life conditions for its citizens. However, it is important to stress the importance of analyzing the city with a more targeted look at each theme and each indicator analyzed and identifying which ones need more attention to address the issues that surround them. In addition, it was possible to identify that the North region was the one that presented the level of vulnerability classified as 'High'. This is also the poorest region of Natal and, therefore, the one that presents the most latent problems in the issues related to the topics analyzed, especially Health, Work and Income, Urban Infrastructure, Education and Culture. This fact places it in a level of weak linear correlation and disparity against the richest regions of the city: East region and South region. Thus, the presented study represents a set of information of the city of Natal (RN) of easy understanding and capable of generating communication in society and providing adequate information for decision making. Therefore, it can support the interests of public power, since it can evaluate and monitor the indicators in a given time space, guaranteeing efficiency of the adopted policies and, consequently, improving the city for the citizens.

6
  • MIKAELLE KALINE BEZERRA DA COSTA
  • SNAKEBITE ACCIDENTS IN POTIGUAR SEMIARID REGION: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETHNOZOOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC DISCLOSURE AS SUBSIDIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AND CONSERVATION OF SPECIES

  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • MARIA DE LIMA ALVES
  • MARIA RITA MONTEIRO DE LENCASTRE CAMPOS
  • MIGUEL FERNANDES KOLODIUK
  • ROMULO ROMEU DA NÓBREGA ALVES
  • Data: May 24, 2019


  • Show Abstract
  • Globally, the snakebites have increased considerably, but are still considered by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. These accidents may be the result of human interaction with snakes, which is quite diverse and includes conflicting aspects as to the usefulness and symbolism of these animals to society. Among the possible factors that may contribute to the increase in the incidence of snakes is the notable alteration in the environment caused by anthropic actions that reduce the availability of habitats and intensify the contact between snakes and humans. Understanding human behavior towards these animals requires an ethnozoological approach, since it investigates the knowledge, concepts and uses of animals in human societies. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological pattern of ophidian accidents occurring in Rio Grande do Norte, contribute to the prevention of new accidents and conservation of species through an ethnozoological approach, and promote socio-educational actions in a considered area of risk. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of snake bites occurred in Rio Grande do Norte state for ten years (2007-2016) was carried out by assessing the epidemiological pattern of accidents and relating their occurrence with environmental factors (temperature and rainfall). Based on the risk areas identified in this study, an ethnozoological survey was being carried out with the victims of ophidian accidents in the municipality of Santa Cruz-RN, integrating the scientific and popular knowledge, three instructional materials, Manual, Paradidático book and were designed and elaborated to adequately serve different audiences (teachers and students), health technicians, the community at large, addressing the common semiarid  snakes and snake bites. This study presents the results of the application of these materials to different levels of the school environment. where socio-environmental and educational actions will be developed with the local population for recording and monitoring of accidents. The state of Rio Grande do Norte has a great number of snake species and the micro-region of Borborema potiguar is the area with the highest risk of accidents, with environmental characteristics favorable to accidents. In addition, part of its population is involved in agricultural or domestic activities, activities that bring humans closer to snakes. As for the snakes of the medical importance, the Bothrops is responsible for over 80% of cases occurring in the state. In order to mitigate these accidents and improve the public health system for the care of the victims, educational work can contribute to the reduce accidents, prevent snakes from being killed due to a lack of knowledge of ecological importance of these animals to the general population.

2018
Thesis
1
  • MYCARLA NELY RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS
  • ANALYSIS OF THE RISK TO HEALTH OF THE CHILDREN POPULATION EXPOSED TO NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COUNTY OF LAJES PINTADAS / RN, SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO

  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • CIBELE SOARES PONTES
  • MARIA DAS GRACAS ALMEIDA THORNTON
  • GUILLERMINA BONGIOVANI
  • JEAN LEITE TAVARES
  • Data: Feb 28, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • The uranium presents in the geological formation of cities in the inner of Rio Grande do Norte state, promotes environmental contamination by radionuclides, including radon gas, coming from the spontaneous decay process of this metal. This natural radioactivity is able to generate several negative effects on human health. Therefore this, study aims to assess the health damage of the child population of the municipality of Lajes Pintadas / RN, due to the environmental contaminants present in the region (uranium and its by-products). For this purpose it is being doing: the quantification of by-products of natural radiation in the homes and in the biological samples (Radon and Lead), evaluation of effects at genetic levels by micronucleus test and evaluation of the perception of risk by the population. With the results obtained will be performed a mapping of the risk due to natural exposure to radioactivity contributing with the adoption of mitigation actions for improving the quality of life of the population.

2
  • LUZIANA MARIA NUNES DE QUEIROZ
  • URBAN EXPANSION AND VULNERABILITIES CITADINA: SOCIOECONOMIC AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE MAPS

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • AMILTON GURGEL GUERRA
  • EDNEIDE DA CONCEICAO BEZERRA
  • IONE RODRIGUES DINIZ MORAIS
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • RAMIRO GUSTAVO VALERA CAMACHO
  • Data: Mar 28, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • This research itinerary is based on the hypothesis that, in the process of urban expansion, the neighborhoods of recent occupation, because they are located roughly on the outskirts of the city, present indexes and levels of socioeconomic vulnerability and urban infrastructure High, while in the old occupation neighborhoods these indicators are lower, evidencing the relationship between urban expansion and urban vulnerabilities. In order to investigate the extent to which there is a relationship between the process of urban expansion and the phenomena of socioeconomic and urban infrastructure vulnerabilities, a research itinerary was outlined guided by the following questions: Which aspects marked the process of urban expansion in Caicó, according to its phases of occurrence? Considering the current cartography of the city, how is the organization of neighborhoods shaped, in terms of old occupation and recent urban expansion? What are the levels of socioeconomic vulnerability of the City of Caicó, by geographic areas and neighborhoods, in terms of neighborhoods of old occupation and neighborhoods of recent formation? How is the city in terms of infrastructure? What are the levels of vulnerability of Caicó urban infrastructure, by geographic areas and neighborhoods, in terms of old occupation neighborhoods and neighborhoods of recent formation? Is there an association between the indices and levels of socioeconomic vulnerability and urban infrastructure, in Caicó, considering their geographical areas and neighborhoods? And To what extent does this vulnerability affect the residents of the city? Considering these questions, it was defined as a general objective: to understand the relationship between urban expansion and socioeconomic and urban infrastructure vulnerabilities in the city of Caicó, defining the 1980s as a divisor in its spatial configuration process and the association of index results Socioeconomic vulnerability and urban infrastructure of Caicó, considering the application of IVSB and IVIU, and as specific objectives: to analyze the aspects that marked the process of urban expansion of Caicó and delimited their phases of occurrence; To examine aspects of the process of configuring city space in space-time terms, considering the 1980s as a dividing point; To calculate the levels and levels of socioeconomic vulnerability of Caicó; To produce the cartography of the socioeconomic vulnerability of Caicó; Describe the city's infrastructure, considering the variables health, education, transportation, safety, sports and culture / leisure by geographical areas; Prepare a proposal for indicators of vulnerability of urban infrastructure; To measure the indices and levels of the urban infrastructure vulnerability of Caicó and produce their respective cartography; To demonstrate the indices and levels of socioeconomic vulnerability and of urban infrastructure and to associate the results obtained by geographical zones and neighborhoods of Caicó. The objectives were achieved based on a methodological course supported by bibliographic, documentary and qualitative and quantitative data analysis, based on the application of IVSB (Major, 2014) and the construction of IVIU. The results obtained allowed the identification of the IVSB and IVIU indicators of the city of Caicó. The evaluation of the IVSB found that the city showed an oscillation between very low and medium levels of socioeconomic vulnerability, and that these vulnerabilities are associated with the process of urban expansion, since this phenomenon becomes more present in neighborhoods of recent formation, On the periphery of cities, where populations with lower purchasing power are concentrated and public policies are more neglected. Regarding the IVIU, the study found that the city indices were very unsatisfactory, and that they did not show a correlation with urban expansion, because the vulnerability condition of the infrastructure was dispersed throughout the city, not restricted to Neighborhoods of recent formation, which is worrying given the vulnerability condition to which a considerable portion of the local population is subjected. In the overlapping of socioeconomic and urban infrastructure vulnerabilities, it was evident that the city has no serious consequences for socioeconomic vulnerability and, contrary to the vulnerability of urban infrastructure, presents worrying results, portraying the lack of urban goods and services, given the condition of vulnerability to which a considerable part of the local population is subjected.

3
  • FRANKLIN ROBERTO DA COSTA
  • ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC BOWL OF THE RIO DOCE (RN)

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ALFREDO MARCELO GRIGIO
  • EDUARDO RODRIGUES VIANA DE LIMA
  • JOANA DARC FREIRE DE MEDEIROS
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • SEBASTIAO MILTON PINHEIRO DA SILVA
  • Data: May 24, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • The Rio Doce – BHRD basin is located in the eastern portion of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Is a geographical unit that comes over time, showing a disorderly occupation process, in its most varied forms. The diversity of existing environmental systems make it an area potentially vulnerable to negative environmental impacts. In this context, this thesis aimed to identify and map the spatial and geo-environmental characteristics and natural and environmental vulnerabilities of the Rio Doce-RN basin, with operational and methodological support the Geotechnology of free software. As a result, proposed a new delimitation of the BHRD, in which there was an increase of 2.29% of the total area, your official passing of 387.8 km ² to 396.7 km ². Geoenvironmental characterization showed that the basin has suffered human actions which are changing the local landscape, turning areas, previously considered "preserved" in impacted areas, especially close to large urban centres and in the sources of the Mudo and Guajirú rivers. One of the most impressive activities include: seasonal farming, responsible for removal of natural vegetation, including riparian forests, to the cultivation of monocultures and vegetables in major and minor Guajirú and Mudo riverbeds; the production in areas of rural settlements, the Guajirú riverhead; the perennial cultivation of coconut, banana and cashew in riverbeds with perennial characteristics near the Extremoz Lagoon; urban sprawl toward the Mudo River, near the urban area of Ceará-Mirim, on the shores of the Extremoz Lagoon and Guajirú River, in addition to the towns and districts of Serrinha and Massaranduba and urban areas of Extremoz and Natal, and finally, the mining activity, in areas where touches on the Intrusive Suite Dona Inês geological formation. The result of these activities in the basin was reflected in natural and environmental vulnerabilities mappings. In natural vulnerability, the basin was classified as Medium stable/Vulnerable, equivalent to 2.1, level 4, with strong tendencies to become Moderately Vulnerable. This is the pressure in the urban areas located further east of the basin, sedimentary rocks of the Quaternary sediments and Formation, with a geomorphology, soils and vegetation changed by human action, but minimized the more regular rainfall distribution. To environmental vulnerability, the results showed that the basin ranks with a degree of vulnerability Moderately Vulnerable, with 2.4, 2 level value. In this case, the influence of human actions in the environment made these values reach 2.7 in urban areas, decreasing towards the West portion of the basin. It is concluded that the current stage of use and occupation of the basin is nearing the limit of sustainability. The results obtained in this thesis has shown a need for elaboration of proposals that aim to minimize the negative impacts generated by the exploitation of natural resources existing there, allowing achieving social and environmental sustainability of the basin by keeping the balance morphogenesis/pedogenesis, as demonstrated in the analysis of natural and environmental vulnerabilities.

4
  • LUCIANA ARAUJO MONTENEGRO
  • SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS LOCATED IN AREAS OF SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • DANIELA FRANCO CARVALHO JACOBUCCI
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • GESINALDO ATAÍDE CÂNDIDO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • Data: Jun 12, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • Education for Sustainable Development is a possible way to make education more relevant to social development and to addressing the environmental and economic challenges facing the actual world and in the future. This study aimed to develop a proposal for the inclusion of Education for Sustainability in schools located in areas with socio-environmental vulnerability to contributing to the reduction of local socio-environmental problems. The research was developed in a qualitative and quantitative approach. The methodological procedures involved the use of a questionnaire containing open and closed questions related to the topic. The open questions were analyzed through the technique of Analysis of Units of Significance, which is based on content analysis. In order to identify the main difficulties encountered in addressing the issue in the classroom, the adoption of Participatory Action Research was used in a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results showed that most teachers are concerned about inserting proposals focused on ESD in the development of content and seek to understand the relationship between content delivered in class with sustainability. On the other hand, it also showed that one of the main obstacles to this approach is the scarce or absent approach of the subject in the teaching materials used by these teachers, considering that many teachers limit the insertion of the approach in ESD to the occurrence of the subject in the materials used in the classroom. So, we reflected that the need for actions that promote the association between the discourse and the action of sustainability with the pedagogical knowledge, in the teaching practice only can be achieved through the initial and continuous formation of teachers.

5
  • JULIANA DA SILVA IBIAPINA CAVALCANTE
  • COASTAL AREAS IN ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY SITUATION: AN ANALYSIS OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT AND RISK PERCEPTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF AREIA BRANCA-RN

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • AMILTON GURGEL GUERRA
  • ANNA JACINTA DANTAS DE MEDEIROS
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • LUIZ SODRE NETO
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • Data: Jul 2, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • The Brazilian coastal zone corresponds to the geographical interaction space of air, sea and land, including its renewable and non-renewable resources, covering a sea band and a terrestrial band, being considered national patrimony according to the Federal Constitution of 1988. The importance of the coastal region of Brazil is remarkable, considering its territorial extension, in addition to its high population density. However, there are numerous socioeconomic pressures in the coastal zone, highlighting the accelerated and disordered urbanization process leading to the intense degradation of natural resources, putting at risk the socioeconomic sustainability and the environmental quality of the populations. As an attempt to address such problems in coastal zones, some public policies aimed at the management of these regions needed to be developed. In 1988 Coastal Management was instituted through Law No. 7,661, which introduced the National Coastal Management Plan (PNGC) to guide the rational use of coastal resources, protecting natural, historical, ethnic and cultural heritage. In this sense, the objective of this study was evaluate the Brazilian evolution coastal management, as well as to make a diagnosis of the coastal management of Potiguar, especially in the Areia Branca city -RN, identifying the main environmental problems related to coastal use in the municipality. In addition, the objective was to understand the relationship between the population and the local environment and their perceptions about the environmental quality and the management of the coastal environment the Areia Branca city. For this purpose, were applied the following methodological procedures: content analysis of the National Coastal Management Plan (PNGC) and its respective report "25 years of Coastal Management in Brazil"; implementation of the Coastal Management Decalogue; use of geoprocessing techniques related to the classification of use and land occupation, as well as to the advancement of dunes; analysis of environmental perception through the application of questionnaires, statistical analysis and qualitative data analysis. It was verified that the Brazilian coastal area presents conflicts of interests, since the activities in these areas bring with them numerous impacts in the social, economic, cultural and environmental scope, in spite of their economic importance for the country. Due to this, coastal management instituted legal instruments, plans, programs and projects that have brought positive results towards the management uses of the coastal zones. However, there still needs to be resolved for the promotion of spatial use of natural resources and occupation of coastal areas. It was also verified that coastal management in the state of Rio Grande do Norte is at an early stage of development, implementation and structuring, necessitating urgent actions aimed at strengthening coastal management at the state level. In the municipal domain, Areia Branca is under discussion for the development of its coastal management, presenting, therefore, insufficiencies in relation to public policies and normative instruments related to the theme. It has also been identified changes in the landscape of the Areia Branca city over the last 20 years due to the intensification of urbanization, sea salt production, oil activity and, lately, due to the installation of wind farms in the municipality. These activities also contributed to the vegetation cover decrease and reduction of the dune fields in the municipality. The analysis of the dune field movement in the municipality led to the conclusion that the dunes of the region under study presented advance and retraction movements during the period in question, being the main factors influencing this process the dynamics of the winds, the low precipitation in the as well as anthropogenic interference. Regarding environmental perception, the Areia Branca population was aware of the problems that affect the coastal environment of the municipality and of its contribution to the generation of such problems, as well as the importance of its involvement and participation in the construction of an environment more healthy and balanced. The environmental perception the social groups involved in the research proved to be variable and the interviewees showed both satisfactions and discontent related to the use and management of the municipal coastal environment. Scenic beauty and tranquility were aspects well evaluated as the quality of the municipality coastal zone, however, aspects related to the local infrastructure were not so well evaluated. In addition, the interviewed groups do not perceive the degrading potential of the economic activities carried out in the municipality. Thus, this research showed the urgent need for strategies and continuous public policies, especially in the area of environmental and coastal management, urban planning and regional planning for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and especially for the Areia Branca municipality in accordance with the rules and instruments envisaged at the federal level.

6
  • MARIA LUISA QUININO DE MEDEIROS
  • THE PERSPECTIVE OF DOCUMENTS FROM THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND THE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT RELATE TO SUSTAINABILITY: AN APPROACH THAT SERVES FOR SEMIARID SCHOOLS?

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ANA CARLA IORIO PETROVICH
  • IVANEIDE ALVES SOARES DA COSTA
  • LUCIANA ARAUJO MONTENEGRO
  • LUIZ SODRE NETO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • Data: Oct 26, 2018


  • Show Abstract
  • Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a topic that has been spreading more and more due to the current planetary demands. It is necessary, then, to follow how this process is taking place in Brazil, in general and in specific places. It is also crucial to see how teachers are involved or not in this trend. That said, this work aimed to outline the ESD scenario in basic education, based on research in official documents / materials and with teachers, looking back to the semi-arid region of Brazil. At first, nine documents of the Ministry of Education (MEC) of Brazil were analyzed, regarding the approach to the term sustainable development (SD), making a cut in documents related to science teaching. Continuing the research, it was the time to evaluate twelve publications, referring to sustainability, of the MEC and / or the Ministry of Environment (MMA), in the light of the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDG), and to classify their possible use in schools of the semiarid. Restricting the work, it was necessary to move the research to the teaching field and measure the knowledge and conception of teachers about ESD, its relation with its context, evaluating how these professionals subsidize their teaching actions within this field. Finally, in view of the results of the previous research with the teachers, a continuous training action was developed with the purpose of proposing the participatory construction of a sustainable development agenda in the light of the SDOs. With the implementation of all these objectives, it has become urgent to discuss a restructuring in the MEC documents, in accordance with international demands, preventing the national guidelines from becoming obsolete. In relation to the publications of the MEC and / or MMA, these may serve as a basis for drawing up strategies for coexistence with the semi-arid region in parts, and it is therefore suggested that there be regionalised publications. It turned out that teachers work SD in a fragmented way and even do not know the term ESD itself and that they are also not encouraged to articulate to look for public materials that have been produced in line with SD policy. Regarding the training process, it was evaluated that the SDG have the ability to fully guide the requirements for sustainability and points to the urgency of having, not only, complementary training, but knowledge about these programmed objectives in regular education, in a more purposeful and structuring way, through educational policies.

2017
Thesis
1
  • MARCOS PAULO GOMES PINHEIRO
  • Influence of abiotic factors on the distribution and abundance of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Conservation Unit of the Atlantic Forest at Rio Grande do Norte state - a contribution to the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis

  • Advisor : MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • HERBET TADEU DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
  • JEFFREY SHAW
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • PATRICIA BATISTA BARRA MEDEIROS BARBOSA
  • Data: Feb 13, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies, small insects of the order Diptera whose females are hematophagous. The main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, in the Americas is Lutzomyia longipalpis while Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent. In Brazil, the Northeastern Region stands out with the highest incidence of VL cases, especially among the most disadvantaged groups of society. Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) has different vectors and etiological agents throughout the country, a wide distribution, and despite its lower severity, it causes serious disfiguring and disabling lesions all over the country, especially in the North Region. It is relevant to introduce prevention strategies, through information and consciousness of the problem, in order to modify deleterious anthropic actions. Cordel folk literature has proved to be an educational instrument with potential use to address this issue, since it attracts by its playful and informal connotations and awakens the attention of people of different age groups. This study aimed, therefore, to know the sand flies fauna at an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit and its surroundings, as well as some factors related to their occurrence, in addition to testing the use of cordel literature as an informative tool on the subject. The study took place over three years in the internal and external area of the Nísia Floresta National Forest (Flona) located in the city of Nísia Floresta, metropolitan region of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, using Shannon and CDC traps. A cordel pamphlet in its classic format was produced, entitled "A blood drinker in the land of mandacaru - fight against kala-azar," for health educational activities among the population living in the vicinity of the Flona and students. The use of the cordel was validated through questionnaires applied to students of the Education of Young and Adults Program. The pamphlet approaches the transmission, symptoms, treatment and prophylaxis of the disease. There were collected and identified 82,638 sand flies of the species Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei and Sciopemyia sordellii. Phlebotomines were more abundant near the soil of the wild environment, although they were also abundant near the canopy and in the rural peridomicille. L. walkeri was the most abundant species, representing 76% of all sandflies collected, and other investigations about this species are important. L. longipalpis, E. evandroi and E. lenti showed preference for anthropized environments. This study confirms the high anthropophilic behavior of P. wellcomei, which is active throughout the day in the wild, as well as its relationship with the rainy months. The cordel literature was widely accepted by students and the experience has shown that this may be an important way for dissemination of information about visceral leishmaniasis. Based on the knowledge of the bioecology of sand flies vectors of leishmaniasis in the study area, as well as the factors involved in its occurrence, it is expected that this work may contribute to strategies for the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. It is also desired that the regionalization of educational strategies through cordel literature can contribute to the dissemination of knowledge, sensitizing the community and disseminating such an important subject in public health.

2
  • KLÉGEA MARIA CÂNCIO RAMOS CANTINHO
  • CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF TUBARÃO ESTUARY (RN) BASED ON WATER, SEDIMENT AND SEAWEEDS

  • Advisor : ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ANDRE LUIS CALADO ARAUJO
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARCELLA ARAÚJO DO AMARAL CARNEIRO
  • SERGIO RICARDO DE OLIVEIRA
  • Data: Feb 23, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • Estuaries and coastal zones are dynamic systems of great environmental, economic and social importance. All over the world these areas are becoming increasingly impacted because of the anthropogenic activities caused by rapid economic growth and urbanization. This research was carried out in the Tubarão estuary, which is located in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The estuary area is part of the Ponta do Tubarão Sustainable Development Reserve (RDSEPT). In the surroundings of this conservation unit, several economic activities are developed, such as fishing, agriculture, aquaculture, saline and oil industry, besides ecological tourism. Considering the ecological, economic and social importance of this ecosystem, a study was run to characterize and evaluate the environmental quality of the Tubarão estuary through analysis of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals in water, sediment and seaweeds (Gracilariopsis and Hypnea). The research carried out for this purpose is composed of three chapters: (1) in the first chapter the dynamic of nutrients was investigated to understand the biogeochemical processes and to identify possible anthropogenic impacts in this tropical ecosystem; (2) the second chapter of the thesis analyzes and points out which compartments (water, sediment and seaweeds) that hold the largest concentration of heavy metals and finally the third chapter (3) which examines the RDSEPT extractivists’ environmental perception and aims to measure the population's understanding of reserve environmental issues. The results obtained in the different chapters provide important information on the state of environment of the Tubarão estuary and may contribute to the reserve management.

3
  • GABRIELLA CYNARA MINORA DA SILVA
  • MAPPING OF SEAWEED AND SEAGRASS BEDS IN THE AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION OF REFEES OF CORAIS - RN USING GEOTECHNOLOGIES

  • Advisor : ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • LAURA EMMANUELLA ALVES DOS SANTOS SANTANA DE OLIVEIRA
  • MARCELLA ARAÚJO DO AMARAL CARNEIRO
  • RODRIGO GUIMARÃES DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Feb 23, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • Seaweeds and seagrasses associated with coral reefs comprise one of the most productive environments on the planet. Seaweeds have several roles in ecosystem services, including primary production, reef construction, facilitation of coral establishment and habitat formation for numerous other species. On the other hand, they are potentially sensitive to environmental changes, especially the impacts caused by climate change and the pressure of human activities. Because of these environmental changes, studies that can explain the impacts that these changes cause in these organisms and, thus, establish strategies for the conservation and restoration of these environments are needed. Remote sensing techniques combined with in situ observations have been widely used to map algal beds around the world. The Coral Reef Environmental Preservation Area / RN - APARC shelters a large diversity of algal species; however, although it is a conservation unit, its resources are likely to be depleted due to anthropic activities, such as tourism and fishing, and changes in global climate, such as changes in ocean temperature and acidity. In this sense, this study applied Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) satellite data, an Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR-2) instrument to verify the distribution of seaweeds and seagrasses in APARC, more precisely in the Maracajaú and Rio do Fogo reefs. For this, unsupervised classifications and a series of soft and hard supervised classifications were performed. Moreover, cluster analyzes were performed to verify the similarity of the benthic compositions among the studied stations in each of the reefs. Finally, the Digital Bathymetric Model (MDB) and the Digital Terrain Model (MDT) were also generated in order to understand the relationship between seaweed and seagrass establishment and development with the water depth and the slope of the reef body.The supervised classification Maxlike generated the thematic maps of both reefs. In the Maracajaú reef, the Maxlike identified seven classes: (1) Dense seaweed; (2) Sand; (3) Sparse seagrass; (4) Dense seagrass; (5) Calcareous seaweed; (6) Sparse seaweed; and (7) Fine sand. The Kappa coefficient (0.84) was considered excellent. Concerning Rio do Fogo reef, the Maxlike identified six classes: (1) Seaweed; (2) Calcareous seaweed concretions; (3) Sand; (4) Sand with limestone; (5) Seagrass; and (6) Coral Reefs. The Kappa coefficient (0.75) was considered substantial. In both reefs, seaweeds are predominantly in the central area, mainly between isobaths -1 and -3 m. This region is a relatively flat area, with a 2% slope in Maracajaú and a 3% slope in Rio do Fogo. Calcareous seaweed, forming or not concretions, are located mainly in the reef extremities, especially in the reef front, in depths of up to -5 m. Seagrasses occur mainly in the back reef, between isobaths -2 and -6 m. The edges of the reefs are the regions with the highest slopes, up to 5% in Maracajaú reef and up to 7% in Rio do Fogo reef. In both reefs, the following morphofunctional groups were recorded: foliose, leathery, corticated, articulated calcareous and crustose seaweed. This work may provide support for the planning and management of APARC, leading to the increasingly sustainable use of this conservation unit.

4
  • ROSANGELA GONDIM D OLIVEIRA
  • LOBSTER, FISHING AND DIVER FISHERS ON THE EAST COAST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • EDSON VICENTE DA SILVA
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • GRACO AURELIO CAMARA DE MELO VIANA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • JOSE DA SILVA MOURÃO
  • Data: Feb 24, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • Spiny Lobsters, Caribbean lobster or Rock lobsters (Decapoda, Achelata, Palinuridae) are important resources and support one of the most profitable fisheries in the world. In Brazil, despite current management measures adopted, it is still a fully exploited marine resource and a number of factors contribute to this scenario. Difficulties are reflected in the rotation of standards for lobster fishing over 44 years (1967 to 2010 and non-monitoring of fisheries since 2010). Adding to this, fishing activity is carried out with non-legal paraphernalia such as nets and free diving, or compressors and "marambaias". The activity of diving in general with the aid compressors has made catches more accurate. But on the other hand, it presents greater risks to the fishers ‘life and health. Coastal reefs are found on the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil's northeastern coast. It is a place for diving that has rich biodiversity, and presents a young lobster population. This work was carried out in a perspective of an integrative approach between the fisherman and the diver fisher with a focus on three objectives. To make a historical reconstruction of fishing during the years 2001-2010, to describe the sociodemographic profile, risks and conflicts of the activity and to compare his knowledge on the bioecology of the lobster with the scientific knowledge. The fishery analysis was based on spreadsheets enabled by the Estatpesca, a software program developed by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources (IBAMA) in Rio Grande do Norte. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was applied in order to collect the subject ́s socio-economic information (age, education, monthly income, etc.), their fishing strategies (such as type of dive and equipment use, active lobster fishing depth) and their knowledge of the rules on risks and conflict management. Other type of information was also collected related to their knowledge on food, trophic structure, reproduction and lobster life cycle. Statistical analysis was performed using the R (R Development Core Team 2012) software, considering 5% significance level (Zar 2010). Each type of analysis was computed separately to avoid computational and mathematical conflicts. The following statistical software packages were also used: "ca" package (Grenacre 1993, Nenadic & Greenacre 2007), stats (Shapiro-Wilk test, PCA, PCoA, Pearson correlation, Mann-Whitney test; R Development Core Team 2012) and 'car' (Levene Test; Fox & Weisberg 2011). With the GLM model it was possible to observe that the capture, by weight was smaller with the use of the net, in relation to the compressor, dive and cages. Greater weight was also significantly larger for the large vessel in relation to small vessels. Analyzing the time scale, the highest production per year occurred in 2009 and 2010. As for the monthly fishery, independently of the year sampled, the month of August showed a larger catch. 53 lobster fisher-divers were interviewed. The great majority (89%) are over 30 years old and were born in the community of Rio do Fogo. Many fishers have not completed elementary school and are illiterate (58.5%). They recognized two major risks in this activity: those associated with diving and those due to noncompliance with the formal or informal rules of catching lobsters. The risks associated with diving with the use of the compressors were most cited (48%), some pointed out limb numbness, joint pain or mild bleeding as well as symptoms related to decompression sickness (DCS). The results indicate that fisher ́s knowledge of the lobster bio-ecology does not depend on age or experience. There were no significant differences between those who dive longer and are older (Kendall's tau, p> 0.05). There was a high degree of similarity in knowledge on behalf of fishers and scientific literature regarding feeding, trophic structure and lobster habitation. A larger catch was observed at the beginning of the season and also in the years 2009 and 2010 in the analyzed decade. However, since lobsters have long larval cycles, the six-month closed period may not be enough to avoid overexploitation. This together with the legal, economic risks and fisher ́ life quality do not provide great prospects for this type of activity. On the other hand, with an integrative approach, between the different aspects of fishing, especially the human dimension and the combination of scientific knowledge and fisherman knowledge it can be possible to reverse this reality.

5
  • MAURO SERGIO PINHEIRO LIMA
  • COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE OF THE SPACE-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISHERY RESOURCES CONSTITUTED BY SCIENCE AND FISHERMEN

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • JOSE DA SILVA MOURÃO
  • JOSE GARCIA JUNIOR
  • RONALDO ANGELINI
  • Data: Aug 18, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • The loss of human connection with nature is observed in fishing with the reversal of ethical values of food security, driven by the development of the economic market, which has resulted in unsustainability of fish stocks worldwide. The fisheries science in recent decades has highlighted the effectiveness of the ecosystem approach, which integrates the fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) and scientific knowledge (SK), the construction of adequate and additional information to reduce time, social costs and conflicts. This study investigated the spatial and seasonal distribution of fishing resources through two distinct approaches to knowledge of fishing in an interdisciplinary way. In the first, SK was used in direct observations on board the bottom gillnet fishing fleet, for records of species composition and environmental variables. In the second approach, the application of interviews with fishing masters sought to understand in LEK the dynamics of fishing with this type of gillnet and the common patterns of fishers' perception of fishing resources distribution. Chapter 1 provides a general understanding of the catches observed by the SK approach, with attention to spatial distribution of biomass and species diversity in both shallow and deep areas. In Chapter 2, the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence and spatial distribution of the adult blue runner in the reproductive life stage was analyzed, being this species the most observed in the captures with the bottom-set gillnet in the SK approach. Chapter 3, the fishers' LEK was analyzed the different dynamics of use boats, net and fishing areas, throughout the year, in order to understand what most influences the choices of fishing areas and the impacts of these options. In Chapter 4, the integrated approach of SK and LEK with information common to the dynamics of fishing and distribution of the three main species caught with this fishing gear, showed similar and complementary patterns in the distribution of these species. The two approaches (SK and LEK) showed that gillnet launches are concentrated in shallow areas up to 20m deep, with low species diversity and biomass, mainly near the metropolitan region of the State, where the fishing effort was higher. The deepest and most distant areas of the coast were the most productive and diverse. However, access to these areas is limited by environmental factors for most of the year, with effects in the greatest impact on discards and accidents with sea turtles. Ecosystem management of bottom-set gillnet fisheries should take into account both the distribution of fish resources as a function of fishing effort and the influence of fishers' choices on fishing areas that are admittedly less productive.

6
  • RAFAELA MARIA DE FRANÇA BEZERRA
  • THE POTENTIAL UTILITY OF THE CAATINGA IN THE AÇU VALLEY MICROREGION-RN: a parallel between the ceramic sector and the rural settlements as conservation grant

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • ELINEI ARAUJO DE ALMEIDA
  • AMILTON GURGEL GUERRA
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • RAMIRO GUSTAVO VALERA CAMACHO
  • Data: Aug 29, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • The Caatinga vegetation has been widely used for industrial and subsistence purposes in the Açu Valley. When these practices are not sustainable, some species can turn into a vulnerable situation. Ethnobotanical studies can facilitate to identify usage patterns and guide conservation strategies for Caatinga. Considering the rarity of such studies, this thesis is aimed to register the diversity and versatility of Caatinga plants used by the ceramic industry and rural settlements at the Açu Valley-RN identifying species of intense exploration and imminent conservation. Preliminarily a quali-quantitative diagnosis of the vegetation used by the ceramic industries through semi-structured interviews with 120 social actors involved in this sector, divided into three groups: Potters, Lumberjacks and Farmers in four rural settlements that are potential suppliers of timber, used in the manufacturing process of Red pottery. The characterization of the industries technological profile and the perception of their impact on the local vegetation was analyzed. Correspondence analysis were used to verify the correlation between the most used species by the ceramic industry and the ones perceived as missing by settlements and the generalized linear model (GLM) to evaluate the relationship between the distance of the settlements and industries and the number of species listed as missing. The second step was focus to identify the severity and multitude uses of the vegetation by rural settlements through participant observation, guided tour and semi-structured interviews. The mentioned uses were distributed into utility categories, the useful species had its Value in Use and Relative Importance calculated. The ecological diversity was estimated for each settlement through the calculation of Shannon index (H') and Pielou Evenness (J), then were compared by t Test. The utility categories proportions were submitted to a multinomial analysis and the relation "Value in Use vs. Utility Categories" was analyzed by Spearman Correlation. The identification of priority conservation species was performed by calculating the Conservation Priority index, a pioneer approach in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. This index is based on biological scores and in usage founded on phytosociological inventories and Ethnobotanical surveys. The values obtained for each species allowed to categorize them according to the criticality of its condition. An intense dependency of the Caatinga for the regional ceramic industry was identified, emphasizing the massive use of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Pityrocarpa moniliformis, whose perception of abundance decreased has been observed primarily by settlements located closer to the ceramic belt. Regarding the use of the vegetation 12 by the settlements, there is a high dependence of the forest resources, mainly for constructive and medicinal purposes. These categories of use were more representative in the four areas. Associated to its versatility, the M. tenuiflora was highlighted as the most important specie for the subsistence families studied, once that had achieved the highest Value in Use. In relation to the therapeutic use of vegetation, the Poincianella pyramidalis achieved the highest relative importance. Regarding the vegetation state of conservation, it was noticed a close association between massive exploitation, rarity and conservation priority index, where in general, the most used species are the ones with the smallest local abundance and therefore have greater immediacy. In this context the species Anadenanthera colubrina, Commiphora leptophloes, Ziziphus joazeiro, Ximenia americana, Libidibia ferrea, Auxemma oncocalyx, Handroanthus impetiginous and Myracrodruon urundeuva are highlighted, once that they are in a situation of vulnerability in the studied region. Considering the high ecological and socio-economic importance of the Caatinga to the Northeast region of Brazil, it becomes urgent to adopt procedures that intended the regeneration, the conservation and sustainable use of these species.

7
  • JOSIMAR ARAUJO DE MEDEIROS
  • REFORESTATION IN AREAS OF OCCURRENCE OF DESERTIFICATION IN THE NORTERIOGRANDEN SEMIARIUM WITH FAVELEIRA (Cnidoscolus quercifolius)

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • IONE RODRIGUES DINIZ MORAIS
  • JACOB SILVA SOUTO
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • RAMIRO GUSTAVO VALERA CAMACHO
  • Data: Dec 6, 2017


  • Show Abstract
  • The present work deals with a study on the faveleira and the use of the vegetable in the rehabilitation of degraded areas. The objective was to understand the process of rehabilitation of areas of desertification occurrence, through the planting of this plant. The work consists of four manuscripts. The first, classified the faveleira, as a key cultural species (CKS) of the Caatinga biome carried out through the use of a methodology proposed by Cristancho and Vining (2004), with the collaboration of literature review on the vegetation, information collected in interviews and observations in loco in areas with the presence of the vegetable. The relation of the faveleira with five among the seven indicators of CKS proposed, classifies it as being a CKS of the caatinga biome. In the second, we analyzed the perception of residents of the rural area of Seridó about the uses of the faveleira. The study was carried out in rural communities of Caicó and São José do Seridó / RN, where the taxon presents itself in the middle of Caatinga. In addition to previous visits, 57 semi-structured interviews were conducted. To all parts of the vegetable has been given relevance. The use of seeds in the feeding of domestic, wild and human animals and leaves in the feeding of domestic animals was pointed out by 100% of the interlocutors. The third and fourth manuscripts were evaluated the capacity of fixation of the faveleira, in area in process of desertification (APD) and desertified area (AD). In the rainy season of 2009, the study area was defined, through in situ observations, with the collaboration of local farmers. Both are located in the rural area of São José do Seridó / RN. ODP planting took place in March 2009. The seedlings were provided by the municipality. In April 2014, of the 82 seedlings introduced, 65 were alive. AD planting took place in March 2015. The seedlings were produced by local farmers using plastic packaging and by sowing. One year later, among the 60 seedlings planted with each technique, 46 and 56 survived, respectively. The APD and AD of the research survived through grazing. After planting, a layer of stones was deposited around the pits to facilitate the storage of water and other particles. In the microsite of 100% of the pits, it was observed the recruitment of common species in the rainy season and the presence of plants of the surrounding permanent vegetation. The faveleira is a Caatinga CKS, suitable for use in the rehabilitation of degred areas, since with the planting of seedlings with more than four months of birth. It is well suited to semiaridity and has close links with the peasant population.

2016
Thesis
1
  • WANESSA KALINE DE ARAUJO MOURA
  • PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER AND SEDIMENT IN THE LOWER COURSE OF THE RIVER DOCE, NORTH OF NATAL/RN.

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • IVANEIDE ALVES SOARES DA COSTA
  • RENATA DE FÁTIMA PANOSSO
  • ODETE ROCHA
  • ROBERTO RODRIGUES DE SOUZA
  • Data: Jan 22, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • The object of this research project was developed on the lower course of the river Doce in the city of Natal, in the districts of Lagoa Azul, Pajuçara and Redinha, along the river Doce, limit with the municipality of Extremoz, Rio Grande do Norte. The region of the Doce river plain is located in the area of environmental protection (ZPA-9). This is one of the ZPA which are not yet regulated and are observed several environmental problems arising from the use and occupation of land, featuring a blatant disregard to environmental legislation and whose protection is hampered due to the lack of specific legal mechanisms. This work aims to deploy and establish the maintenance of cultivation of Hyalella azteca species (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the laboratory of Ecotoxicology-ECOTOX (UFRN) for ecotoxicological assessment of sediment; assess the quality of the water and the sediment using the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia dubia, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Hyalella azteca respectively, the lower course of the Rio Doce for ecotoxicological tests and physical and chemical analyses in order to evaluate the interference of human actions along the river. The visits were carried out in the period from 2012 to 2014. Sampling sites were named LE, R2, R3, R4 and R5. The evaluation of the quality of the water and sediments of the lower course of the Doce river, excerpt located between the lagoon of Extremoz and Redinha, through physical and chemical analyses, and ecotoxicological tests, in water and sediment, in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014, served the knowledge and answered the questions of research: ecotoxicological tests carried out in water and sediments there is a measurable response of biota in aquatic environment because the change found in physical and chemical parameters measured in water and the negative results found in at least 50 of chronic toxicity tests conducted on a monthly basis within one year showed the commitment of the Doce river water quality at least part of the year, noting that the various activities carried out in the vicinity of drainage may be contributing to the observed variations.

2
  • ERMETON DUARTE DO NASCIMENTO
  • RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA EM RESERVATÓRIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO: CARACTERIZAÇÃO, AÇÕES PARA VIGILÂNCIA AMBIENTAL, PREVENÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • LUIZ SODRE NETO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA CELESTE NUNES DE MELO
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • REGINA CELIA PEREIRA MARQUES
  • Data: Apr 29, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • A resistência aos antimicrobianos se transformou num sério problema de saúde pública mundial e vários ambientes aquáticos se apresentam contaminados por esses microrganismos. Entretanto, não há dados sobre esse fenômeno para o semiárido brasileiro. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo o isolamento e a identificação das bactérias de importância médica contaminantes de ambientes  quáticos no semiárido potiguar, a caracterização da resistência antimicrobiana, e a formulação de propostas para educação em saúde e ações para vigilância ambiental em saúde. Com este propósito foram coletadas amostras de água de quatro reservatórios do semiárido potiguar durante os períodos seco e chuvoso. As amostras foram processadas e os microrganismos foram isolados e identificados seguindo orientações de bibliografias especializadas. Em seguida foram realizados os testes de sensibilidade antimicrobiana em disco difusão, calculado o índice de múltipla resistência antibiótica (MAR) e classificados os organismos com multipla resistência às drogas (MDR). Também foram propostas ações para prevenção e educação em saúde, bem como para vigilância ambiental em saúde. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada, na Universidade de Minnesota, nos Estados Unidos, a influência da concentração do fósforo em meio líquido (caldo nutriente, C:P 100:1, 1000:1 e 100.000:1) sobre a expresão fenotípica da resistência à tetraciclina, ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina, de 41 cepas bacterianas dos Estados Unidos utilizando a técnica da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Ao todo foram isoladas 168 bactérias, 56% no período chuvoso, com 97,6% pertecentes ao grupo das Gram-negativas, com a Família Enterobacteriaceae apresentando a maior prevalência entre esse grupo (73,2%). 95,3% das bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos foram isoladas durante o período seco e o índice MAR foi maior no reservatório Passagem das Traíras, com 56% de chance para que as bactérias encontradas na água desse reservatório procedam de uma fonte de contaminação com maior risco para a saúde humana. Não houve diferença estatística da ocorrência de gêneros e espécies bacterianos entre os períodos seco e chuvoso e nem entre os reservatórios, com p=0,255. Também não houve diferença estatística do índice MAR entre os períodos e os reservatórios, com p=0,224. Quando avaliada a CIM, o meio com C:P de 100.000:1, considerado com a menor concentração de fósforo, parece aumentar a sensibilidade das bactérias ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina quando comparado aos resultados do caldo nutriente para os mesmos antimicrobianos, com um p=0,023. Nas escolas que atendem as comunidades ribeirinhas usuárias da água dos reservatórios, são propostas ações de educação em saúde que visem o levantamento de concepções sobre o conhecimento do uso dos antimicrobianos e do surgimento da resistência bacteriana a essas drogas, bem como o desenvolvimento de material para educação em saúde. E no núcleo de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde da SESAP, são propostas a inclusão das bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos isoladas de ambientes aquáticos como indicadores de risco para a saúde pública, a formulação de políticas públicas visando o controle das atividades que contaminam esses recursos com esses organismos e também o monitoramento periódico da água dos diversos ambientes aquáticos.

3
  • IAPONIRA SALES DE OLIVEIRA
  • CONHECIMENTO LOCAL SOBRE ESPÉCIES DE ANFÍBIOS E BIOCONTROLE DE INSETOS PRAGAS EM SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS DE REGIÃO SEMIÁRIDA BRASILEIRA: SUBSÍDIOS À ETNOCONSERVAÇÃO

  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • ERALDO MEDEIROS COSTA NETO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • SINEIDE CORREIA SILVA MONTENEGRO
  • SUELI APARECIDA MOREIRA
  • Data: Jun 30, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • A Caatinga é um dos Domínios brasileiros que mais tem sido utilizado para diversos fins econômicos, tais como pecuária, atividades agrícolas e extração de minérios, e este seu uso extensivo vem causando grandes degradações, e por vezes irreversíveis, nesse Ecossistema. Para cada atividade desenvolvida foram necessárias adaptações especificas por parte das comunidades locais, já que este Domínio se caracteriza por condições edafoclimáticas especificas do semiárido brasileiro. Neste sentido compreender como as comunidades locais estabelecem suas relações com o ambiente envolvente é um dos campos de estudo da Etnociência, entre elas a Etnoherpetologia, que delimita seu enfoque nos grupos étnicos, que conhecem, utiliza, classifica e convivem com os anfíbios e répteis. Os anfíbios são relevantes porque constituem elementos-chave para avaliação da qualidade ambiental atuando como biocontroladores de insetos vetores de doenças e/ou pragas agrícolas. Portanto, entender os processos que influenciam e/ou determina o conhecimento local sobre este grupo é essencial, pois este é o primeiro passo para o seu uso sustentável. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de anfíbios anuros conhecidos e citadas pelas comunidades locais de Itacuruba/PE e Petrolândia/PE, situadas no semiárido nordestino, bem como avaliar o conhecimento local sobre a biologia das espécies e sua importância no controle de pragas agrícolas. Para isto, foram estabelecidos nos primeiros contatos com as comunidades de agricultores desta região através de entrevistas livres. Em seguida foram realizados quatro encontros de 15 dias cada (sendo dois para cada comunidade), onde foi possível aplicar a entrevista semiestruturados e visitas aos sítios de reprodução dos anfíbios ao longo dos sistemas agrícolas. A amostragem ocorreu de forma não aleatória intencional resultando em 369 participantes da pesquisa, em função da dedicação e frequência na atividade agrícola, como também o conhecimento sobre a existência dos anfíbios anuros nesta região. Foram identificadas 13 espécies de anuros nas regiões de estudo (dados secundários), como também foram identificados e georreferenciados os principais locais de reprodução e desenvolvimento destas espécies. Os mapas obtidos foram escaneados e ilustrados com auxílio de computação gráfica com a utilização do sofware ArcGis10. Com as respostas das entrevistas os resultados foram analisados utilizando o método quantitativo de correlação simples entre os indicadores de conhecimento dos agricultores e a biologia dos anfíbios anuros, a fim de investigar a relação entre variáveis do perfil do entrevistado e o seu conhecimento sobre as espécies. Com a identificação das espécies de anfíbios anuros da região e a analise da concepção das comunidades locais sobre a biologia destas espécies, foi possível identificar e registrar o conhecimento local sobre a importância biológica dos anuros para a região semiárida, e com estes resultados poder traçar alternativas viáveis para praticas agrícolas sustentáveis que visem à conservação das espécies.

4
  • LEONARDO PIVÔTTO NICODEMO
  • SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR ONSHORE OIL FIELDS: A METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL FOR SYSTEMATIZATION

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • GESINALDO ATAÍDE CÂNDIDO
  • IONE RODRIGUES DINIZ MORAIS
  • LECI MARTINS MENEZES REIS
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • Data: Aug 17, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • The tessitura of the contemporary discussion about the sustainability of the oil industry becomes increasingly evident while at environmental aspects of this activity presents, mainly in oil fields situated on land, a potential significant for the generation of environmental impacts. Therefore is questioned how to perform methodologically the selection, adaptation, validation and prioritization of sustainability indicators for the systematization of Sustainability Index in oil field on land (ISPETRO). The first hypothesis is that, the selection of indicators of mark authorizing of research based exclusively on environmental characterization and the perception of the communities of the oil fields would be enough for the proposal of sustainability indicators for the composition of the sustainability index of oil fields on land. The second hypothesis is that the selection of indicators of mark originator of research based exclusively based on technical and scientific positioning of a set of specialists in oil activity would be enough for the proposal of sustainability indicators for the composition of the sustainability index of oil fields on land. However, was found to the necessity of a third hypothesis, which was confirmed, that is, as more participative, community and specialists, is the selection of sustainability indicators that composes the mark originator of research, better will be the adaptation, prioritization and validation of the index to be proposed. For this purpose, the general objective of the thesis was to propose a selection methodology, adaptation, validation, prioritization and systematization of sustainability indicators in oil fields on land (ISPETRO). Thus, the following specific objectives were defined, analyze the perception of social actors directly affected by oil activity as a tool for participative selection of sustainability indicators; analyze the scientific positioning of a network of specialists, through the adoption the Delphi method as a tool for selecting sustainability indicators; propose a participatory methodology of selection of sustainability indicators guided in the relation of perception of integrated social actors at scientific opinion from a network of specialists; propose the validation, prioritization and systematization of a set of indicators to evaluate the sustainability of oil fields on land. The methodology it was structured into four parts, for the first hypothesis we used the methodology applied to the communities where it was considered the exploratory and descriptive category as the types of most suitable research. Were conducted standardized or structured interviews in order to aggregate the perception of residents of different oil fields. Initially, it was used for environmental perception survey the interview structured by the fact contribute to the collection of detailed data, which could allow a better adaptation of indicators to be proposed. For data analysis, was performed the correspondence analysis that consists of a multivariate statistical technique which provides tools to analyze the association between rows and columns of a contingency table. The quantitative data analysis proceeded with multivariate statistical technique of correspondence (AC) through the construction of contingency tables with determined variables described, as well as was used the multinomial proportions test for the categorization of the influence of the groups analyzed over each indicator. In this test, are evaluated proportions pairwise in the two levels of data contingency table between the multinomial. To evaluate the qualitative data was performed with the aid of Content Analysis, using the "analytical description which operates according to systematic and objective procedures of message content". For the analysis of the second hypothesis, sought to selection of the most appropriate indicators for evaluating the sustainability of oil fields according the analysis of the scientific positioning of a network of specialists who were consulted, via e-mail, allowing the selection of some indicators by adopting the Delphi method and made it possible to surveying the characteristics that were considered relevant by the community but neglected by specialists. Thus, it was necessary the proposal of a consistent methodology scientifically and to allow the crossing of the perception of the communities with scientific positioning of specialists, were thus established and systematized the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of indicators. After the adaptation of the indicators based on the participation of specialists and population, proceeded to the principal component analysis (PCA) which is one of the most used statistical analyzes to describe patterns of variation of the data in a multivariate set. Were performed two distinct stages for the selection of relevant variables for the construction of sustainability indexes of the oil fields and Gas of Rio Grande do Norte: (1) an initial PCA was performed for inspection of data weighting of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to indicate qualitative and quantitatively which sustainability indicators suitable for their respective dimensions and, (2) a posteriori, PCAs for each dimension, separately, to select the most relevant indicators. Were selected 23 indicators that were analyzed according to the discrepancy informed by specialists about the dimensions of sustainability and were reordered at indicators of economic dimension E1, E2, E12, E13, E17 and S15; indicators of social dimension S4, S5, S14, S17 and S19; indicators of environmental dimension E3, A1, A7, A8, A10, A19 and A28; indicators of institutional dimension E19, E20, S20 and A29. It was concluded that sustainability can be measured by a set of indicators defined as priorities able to indicate the status of sustainability of oil fields on land, can be implemented the complementary indicators to the purpose of refinement of evaluation. Are pointed out as the state of sustainability most favorable the oil fields with smaller interface with communities and who did not have a Permanent Protection Areas near their installations. 

5
  • HENRIQUE EUFRÁSIO DE SANTANA JÚNIOR
  • ANALYSIS OF THE ECO-SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN THE MASTER PLAN OF NATAL/RN 

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • JOSÉ RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • LINDOLFO NETO DE OLIVEIRA SALES
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • MARIGIA MADJE TERTULIANO DOS SANTOS
  • Data: Aug 29, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • Urban developmentof societydeterminesdifferent behaviorsandmodes of interactionof manwith natureover time (MARQUES, 2010). Theway of living andof occupyingspacesaccompanied thisdevelopment, whichhas given rise toseveral newconceptsand paradigmson the subject, alsoresulting in thebreakdownand synthesisof ideasabout man andhis survival. From this perspective,the relationshipbetween man andthe environmenthas always beenconfrontational (DUARTE, 2011). Thisis saidbecause, to occupythe spaces anddevelop theiractivitiesand social functions, the societyneeded toexploit the natural resourcesthat the environmentoffered, oftendegradingitwithout noticingitsinterference, ina cleardependency relationshipof nature, foritcomesveryessentialfor the maintenance oflife. With the passage oftime andthe gradualhuman activitytoward nature, neededisprotectiveandremedialmeasurestaken bygovernmentsof all forms, to guaranteeto society andthe natural structurethe continuity of abalance betweenman andenvironment.That was whenlawsbegan tobe aboutthis relationshipwithissues ofenvironmental law,legal rulesgoverningthe potential forhuman actionin the landscapeand otherbehaviorsthat can be observedin reality. This doctoral thesis,therefore,aims to studythe meeting pointorconvergencebetween environmentaland urbanstandardsthat reachthe cities, with the geographicalcutthe city ofNatal/RNandthetime framefrom 2007, which marks the beginningthe term of the Master Plan of Natal, still in force. The aim is toanalyze the Master Plan of Natal/RN asthe inclusion, observance andeffective application ofaspects of theeco-socio-economic balance in this tool. For that, sawrequireda study to review the mainand contemporaryconcepts of sustainable developmentand urbansustainabilityin generalandspecificallyin Natal/RN, analyzing their master planwith the use ofadaptedelements of themethodological designofStrategic Environmental Assessment(AAE). The research methodologyis basedessentiallyon aqualitative study, whoseliterature reviewsupportsthedocumentary analysisofprimary and secondary sourcesandfinally theapplicationof the proposed methodologydiametricallyaddresses thefocus of thisthesis. By resulting, is expected topresentan environmentaldiagnosis ofthe master planin the 8capitalinstrument, with a set ofspecific analyzesfocused onlarge andmajorthreats to sustainableurban development.This set ofanalyzessummarizesinsusceptiblefactorsofdecisionwith governanceresponsibilityin theregulationof land use, orwith itare connected, listing prioritiesand strategicoptions thatwillprovidestrategic elementsfor the changesor revisionsnecessaryin the plan,always looking fordevelopmentsustainable urbanoreco-socio-economic balance. 

6
  • JANE AZEVEDO DE ARAÚJO
  • THE PERCEPTION OF DESERTIFICATION AND CHANGE IN THE LANDSCAPE IN THE CITY OF PARELHAS/RN

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • FERNANDO MOREIRA DA SILVA
  • MARIA JOSE NASCIMENTO SOARES
  • MÁRCIA REGINA FARIAS DA SILVA
  • Data: Aug 29, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • The interrelation society/nature causes changes to the environment. These changes occur through the work of man, which uses natural resources, to support his development. For that reason, the society has the ability to build and rebuild the places where lives, leaving registered on the landscape the changes occurred. The landscape is modified over the years, and the man is critical to this process because, in addition to being the author of the alterations, can describe them through the perception from a same place, either from the past or from the present. The general objective of this research was to understand the perception of the residents of the city of Parelhas/RN in relation to desertification and to the change in the landscape. The research comprised the city of Parelhas/RN, located in the South-central portion of the State, in the micro region of Oriental Seridó, located 240 km from Natal city. Parelhas has a population of 20.354 inhabitants, with 17.084 in the urban area and 3270 in the countryside. The survey was conducted in the urban area and in three rural communities – Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra. The first step of the methodological procedures of research was a literature review on the subject of desertification, which corresponds to the first chapter of the thesis (article 1). In the second stage (field research), 202 forms were applied with the population in the urban and rural areas, and with the red pottery industries of the municipality. Thus, 26 forms were applied with the entrepreneurs, managers and/or responsible for ceramics and 176 with part of the urban population (102) and in rural communities, Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra (74). These data lead to chapters 2, 3 and 4 of the thesis, each chapter corresponding to a scientific article. The results showed that there was, in 2014, 28 red pottery industries in activity in the city of Parelhas. From the 28 companies, 2 did not accept to answer to the form, having been conducted 26 interviews. This data gave rise to the second chapter (article 2). The red pottery industry exists in the municipality since the middle eighties; eight per cent of companies have been developing the activity from 21 to 30 years, 27% from 11 to 20 years and 65% from 01 to 10 years. The products manufactured by the industries are roofing tiles, bricks, tiles, bushings, blocks and shackles, being tiles the more produced artifact. Fifty per cent of companies manufacture only tiles. The main energy source used for ceramics is the firewood, and 73% still make use exclusively of wood. The withdrawal of the vegetation without technique leaves bare areas and soils exposed to erosion, contributing to an increase the susceptibility to the phenomenon of desertification in the municipality. Regarding the perception of desertification and modification in the landscape, the data were subjected to statistical tests. We used the Person Chi-square test (χ ²), the Fisher test and correlation analysis. Contingency tables and boards were prepared to describe the social data of the participants. These data ensued the third and fourth chapters (articles 3 and 4). The comparative analysis of the residents perception of the rural and urban area on desertification (article 3), showed that most respondents have heard on the subject; however, the people who reside in the city heard more than those who live in the countryside. The majority of respondents believes that the municipality is in process of desertification; the correspondence analysis showed that city dwellers are associated with the reply "Yes", and residents in the rural area associated with the answers "Not" and "Don't know". Among the alternatives on the causes of desertification in the municipality, the red pottery activity was the most pointed out. It is believed that this choice is related to the high consumption of the local natural resources (wood, clay and water) that the activity demands in manufacturing its products. The results of the perception of the rural communities Juazeiro, Cachoeira and Cobra inhabitants, on change in the landscape (article 4), showed that most of them realize modification of local landscape. These changes involved the environment in which they are inserted, the atmospheric phenomena, as well as structural and social alterations that have occurred over the years. Likewise, changes in vegetation, soil and grassland have been reported. Those aged 25 to 59 years were the ones who most noticed changes in the landscape. Those who studied until middle school did not notice or did not to know answer about the change in the landscape. The ones with complete/incomplete secondary education and complete/incomplete higher education realized changes in the landscape. The study provided important data of the perception of rural and urban residents of Parelhas/RN, on alteration in the landscape and desertification. Still, it has provided information about the red pottery industry and the consumption of firewood by the activity. These data can serve to subsidize to the definition of public policies to be implemented in semi-arid potiguar, from the perspective of conservation of natural resources in an area susceptible to the phenomenon of desertification.

7
  • JORGE LUÍS DE OLIVEIRA PINTO FILHO
  • SOCIOECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PETROLIFER ACTIVITY IN THE REGION OF CAMPO CANTO DO AMARO, RN, BRAZIL

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • REINALDO ANTONIO PETTA
  • VERA LUCIA LOPES DE CASTRO
  • MARIA JOSE NASCIMENTO SOARES
  • RODRIGO GUIMARÃES DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Aug 29, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • In the West of the State of Rio Grande do Norte Region, located in the Basin Apodi-Mossoró River - BHRAM / RN, where their low course includes a considerable human intervention, related to oil and gas exploration, sand mining, limestone exploration, Salineira activity, trade and services, urbanization, vehicle traffic, cargo transportation, construction, tourism and hospitality, irrigated fruit, shrimp farming, fishing, livestock and wind power generation. From this human pressure this thesis was to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of cities in the lower course of this basin, as well as assess how the oil activity contributes to formation of an area of socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability in Oilfield Canto do Amaro - CPCA / RN. As methodological procedures were adopted: Radar graph application to measure the sustainability indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of BHRAM / RN; identification of environmental impacts in the CPCA / RN through the Pressure-State-Impact-Response System; monitoring of heavy metal content in diverse environments in the analyzed area; environmental perception of socioeconomic and environmental conditions of rural communities in the study area; evaluation of the water supply for human consumption in the investigated region; Proposition environmental management actions to mitigate the researched problematic. It was observed that the CPCA / RN through the stages of exploration, formation evaluation, exploration, drilling, completion, and increase production, create opportunities for job creation, income, royalties, energy, fuel and projection of the region on the national scene. However, this chain is great risks and environmental vulnerabilities through the generation of impacts of air emissions, generation of semi-solid waste (mud and gravel), solid waste generation, the generation of wastewater, noise generation, water pollution, soil pollution , noise pollution, air pollution, visual pollution, vegetation removal, erosion, interference with local flora, interference with local fauna, changing the stability of ecosystems, changes in land use dynamics, risks to workers health, pressure on local communities, interference with traditional activities and pressure on public services infrastructure. It was found that soil resource is the environmental compartment suffering more anthropogenic interference due support for other environmental systems and their multiple uses in the analyzed area. The settings related to the oil industry were behaved that with higher average levels of heavy metals: Cu, Cr, Fe (in activated wells), Ni (activated wells), and Pb (solid wastes). However, three other types of land uses had higher values of heavy metals: Cd (natural areas), Mn (River Carmo) and Zn (Shrimp); however these elements are relatively low when compared to those in vehicle traffic interference soils, petrochemical activity and quality benchmarks. It showed that local people have socioeconomic constraints and live in rural communities with deficiencies in environmental sanitation components. It was found weaknesses in water supply for human consumption in aspects of water quantity and water quality with undesirable behavior for Dissolved Oxygen parameters and oil content and greases. It concludes that the area of the CPCA / RN has socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities and risks compromising the sustainability of the lower course of BHRAM / RN.

8
  • ANA CARLA IORIO PETROVICH
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AS CONTEÍDO SCHOOL IN BIOLOGY TEACHER PERSPECTIVE IN INITIAL TRAINING

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ALINE DE SOUZA AMORIM
  • LUCIA MARIA DE ALMEIDA
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • RUTE ALVES DE SOUSA
  • Data: Sep 30, 2016


  • Show Abstract
  • The theme of sustainable development requires an appropriate approach in teacher training methods for teaching science and biology. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) offering this training need to be aware and sensitized about the importance of curricular integration of theories and practices related to sustainable development. This study aims to contribute to the characterization of the sustainability issue as formative need for teaching practice of biology teachers in initial training in undergraduate courses face life sciences and distance in UFRN, based on the perceptions of students who are in phase completion of the course. The research developed in a qualitative and quantitative approach. Were adopted as methodological procedures, the use of a questionnaire with open and closed questions and a structured questionnaire in VOSTS model (Views on Science-Technology-Society to investigate the opinions of licentiate in Biological Sciences distance and face University Federal Rio Grande do Norte on education for sustainable development. the open questions were analyzed through the technique of Preparation and analysis of Meaning Units, which is based on content analysis. the results showed that most participants do not feel safe in approaching the subject but also can not develop the content taught in science or specifically in biology in association with issues that relate to sustainability principles. the profile of students has shown that they have different characteristics, since most are the higher age and low income, having completed the elementary and secondary education in public schools and being in the exercise of professional activity. Also allowed to establish, in relation to the global attitudinal index, the issue of education for sustainable development, although it is present in the training of these teachers also need more incentive and an effective curriculum integration, during initial training, rated course . This data can provide support for the prospect of adequacy of teaching strategies in the distance with regard to greater integration of the theme of to sustainable development education, contributing in the future with relevant data that can support Agenda 30 in the regions of offer the courses.

2015
Thesis
1
  • LINDOLFO NETO DE OLIVEIRA SALES
  • AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SANEAMENTO: O CASO DO SISTEMA CONDOMINAL DE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO DO MUNICÍPIO DE MACAU/RN

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • EDUARDO HENRIQUE SILVEIRA DE ARAUJO
  • GRACO AURELIO CAMARA DE MELO VIANA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • JOSÉ RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MILTON FERREIRA DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Jan 12, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • O presente estudo abordou a temática da universalização do atendimento pelos sistemas de esgotamento sanitário, enfocando a problemática sob a ótica econômico-financeira, própria de países em desenvolvimento, com grandes necessidades de inversões de recursos nas várias políticas públicas e com grandes limitações orçamentárias, como é o caso do Brasil. Neste sentido, foram analisados os recursos previstos e efetivamente investidos de 2003 a 2013 e realizadas as projeções de, caso sejam mantidos os aspectos técnicos e orçamentário-financeiros, o que levaria a universalização para o ano de 2064. Foram feitas análises sobre o emprego do sistema condominial como complementar ao convencional. Este sistema inova na concepção dos projetos, introduzindo a participação da comunidade beneficiária, reduzindo custos e mantendo a qualidade técnica dos serviços. A utilização do sistema condominial de forma complementar pode abreviar a universalização para o ano de 2056, com significativa redução nos recursos previstos pelo Ministério das Cidades. Foi realizado um levantamento das políticas públicas para o Setor, desde 1850 até os dias atuais e verificado que, na última década, houve avanço significativo na evolução do Marco Legal, mas remanescem lacunas legais a serem preenchidas, notadamente na definição e contextualização das relações usuários e concessionárias. Também foi realizado o estudo de caso do sistema condominial de esgotamento sanitário de Macau/RN, implantado em 2007, utilizando o Método dos Direcionadores de Sustentabilidade para determinação do Índice de Sustentabilidade do SCESM. O estudo identifica os gargalos e entraves do SCESM, apresenta recomendações para os ajustes nas políticas públicas para o Setor e conclui pela viabilidade do uso do sistema condominial como forma de abreviar o pleno atendimento das populações urbanas por sistemas coletivos de esgotamento.

2
  • JOSIEL DE ALENCAR GUEDES
  • RESERVATÓRIO TABATINGA (MACAÍBA/RN): QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL, CONFLITOS E USOS


  • Advisor : VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • VIVIANE SOUZA DO AMARAL
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • ADRIANO LIMA TROLEIS
  • JULIO ALEJANDRO NAVONI
  • MARIALVA SINIGAGLIA
  • Data: Jan 30, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • Os reservatórios são mananciais construídos ao longo de canais fluviais, com a interceptação por barramentos feitos por concreto ou terra. No Brasil eles são construídos para diversas finalidades, destacando-se para a geração de energias (hidrelétricas), regularização de vazão e criação de reservas hídricas, e contenção de enchentes, por isso desempenharam e ainda desempenham papel importante na sociedade moderna. No semiárido da região Nordeste, normalmente são utilizados para o abastecimento de cidades e como fonte de alimentação. No Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, os grandes reservatórios são destinados com esta mesma finalidade. Cidades que se formaram às margens de rios, ou que tenham canais fluviais cruzando seu espaço, lidam com problemas relacionados e inundação. Na cidade de Macaíba-RN, esse processo ocorria sistematicamente durante o período chuvoso, causando grandes transtornos à população local. Fruto de reivindicação coletiva foi construído o Reservatório de Tabatinga no rio Jundiaí, a montante da cidade. Diante deste cenário, esta tese visou analisar a qualidade socioambiental desse manancial. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram empregadas metodologias centradas na averiguação da qualidade de água, além da aplicação de questionário para conhecer a percepção dos moradores da área rural, onde o reservatório foi construído e dos moradores da área urbana da cidade. Os resultados mostraram a existência de conflitos entre o reservatório e os moradores das comunidades rurais, enquanto que para a população da cidade, o reservatório é considerado a solução correta para o término das enchentes na zona urbana, mas entendem que também servem como fonte econômica para a população rural. Considerando a avaliação da fonte de água, este estudo concluiu que o Reservatório Tabatinga está impróprio para uso, em função da presença de metais de significância toxicológica com potencial de causar danos ao material genético dos indivíduos que utilizam esse açude para diversos fins, podendo levar sérios riscos à saúde da população.


3
  • KALLYNE MACHADO BONIFACIO
  • ESPÉCIE-CHAVE CULTURAL E ETNOZOOLOGIA EM UMA ÁREA PROTEGIDA DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO: SUBSÍDIOS PARA PRIORIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO.

  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • FLÁVIA DE BARROS PRADO MOURA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • ROMULO ROMEU DA NÓBREGA ALVES
  • Data: Feb 9, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • O método para identificação de espécie-chave cultural (ECC) tem sido utilizado para definir espécies vegetais importantes culturalmente. Neste trabalho, este método ECC foi utilizado pela primeira vez para espécies animais, com os objetivos de identificar aquelas culturalmente relevantes, ampliar o conhecimento etnozoológico das espécies com importância local nas comunidades adjacentes à Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, e, consequentemente, subsidiar prioridades de conservação. A metodologia consistiu da utilização de listas livres, entrevistas semiestruturadas e turnês guiadas. Foram entrevistadas 246 pessoas de dois grupos de comunidades: grupo 1 (comunidades situadas a uma distância < 2km da Floresta Nacional do Araripe) e grupo 2 (situadas a uma distância ≥ 2km); destas entrevistas, 35 foram realizadas com informantes-chave. Pela lista livre, foram citadas 53 espécies, distribuídas nas categorias de uso: alimentar, medicinal, artesanal e simbólico. Identificaram-se preferência alimentar para Mazama gouazoubira (17,43% das citações), e como recurso medicinal, Salvator merianae e M. gouazoubira com 51,85% das indicações de tratamento. No uso artesanal, destacou-se M. gouazoubira, que também foi a única espécie registrada para o uso simbólico. Os valores de uso (VU) encontrados variaram entre 0,03 e 1,34, sendo o de M. gouazoubira o mais alto (1,34); o conjunto destes destaques indica M. gouazoubira como ECC. Analisando o conhecimento local em relação aos grupos de comunidades e ao gênero, constatou-se que entre o grupo 1 e o grupo 2, assim como entre homens e mulheres, existiram diferenças significativas no conhecimento. As comunidades do grupo 1 e os homens desse grupo conhecem mais espécies animais do que o grupo 2; mas essa diferença não existiu entre as mulheres dos grupos estudados. Através da turnê guiada realizada em trilhas/estradas usadas pelos caçadores nas atividades de caçadas, confirmou-se a presença de 11 espécies por meio de vestígios (pegadas ou carcaças); 31,94% do total de registros foram de M. gouazoubira. Em relação ao conhecimento ecológico local sobre a ECC, M. gouazoubira é conhecida por veado comum e reconhecida por caracteres morfológicos, tais como tamanho corporal e chifre. Para 54,28% dos entrevistados, essa espécie ocorre em ambientes ricos em frutos silvestres, os quais constituem os itens alimentares consumidos mais informados (68,75%). Quanto à reprodução, 77,14% dos entrevistados não souberam informar, os demais afirmaram que essa espécie se reproduz o ano todo gerando um filhote. Para 22,88% dos entrevistados essa espécie é diurna, ágil e territorialista. A técnica de caça para a sua captura é a espera (100%), sendo percebida uma diminuição dessa espécie ao longo do tempo (91,42%). Esses resultados demonstram que o método ECC é uma ferramenta metodológica eficiente não só para identificar espécies animais culturalmente relevantes para comunidades locais e prioritárias para conservação, como para identificação de aspectos ecológicos e comportamentais associados à conservação da espécie considerada culturalmente chave. Destaca-se ainda como relevante o fato de que as comunidades locais poderiam se envolver/participar efetivamente no processo de conservação da(s) espécie(s) do(s) seu(s) interesse(s) cultural(is).

4
  • FRANCISCO ANGELO GURGEL DA ROCHA
  • DIAGNÓSTICO DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS DA MEDICINA TRADICIONAL EM FEIRAS LIVRES DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: ASPECTOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS E SANITÁRIOS, INCLUINDO PROPOSTA DE LEGISLAÇÃO ESPECÍFICA

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • NILMA DIAS LEAO COSTA
  • ROSELI FARIAS MELO DE BARROS
  • RUI SALES JUNIOR
  • Data: Feb 26, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • Historicamente, o homem reuniu de forma empírica conhecimentos acerca das aplicações terapêuticas de elementos extraídos dos ecossistemas nos quais se inseria. Tais conhecimentos ao longo do tempo culminaram na formação dos sistemas de medicina tradicional. Dentre os seus recursos, o uso de espécies vegetais bioativas – as plantas medicinais - destaca-se pela sua eficácia e alta aceitação popular. Apesar de sua importância para a saúde coletiva, a população ainda tem nas feiras livres a principal fonte para a aquisição das espécies que utiliza. Nestes espaços, a comercialização de modo geral ocorre na informalidade e em condições desfavoráveis à qualidade dos produtos e à sustentabilidade financeira do negócio. O estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos socioeconômicos, culturais e sanitários referentes à comercialização de plantas medicinais em municípios de uma região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados socioeconômicos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas in loco guiadas por formulário estruturado. As observações acerca da adequação higiênica e sanitária das instalações físicas e práticas empregadas nos pontos de comercialização/entorno foram conduzidas e registradas com uso de instrumento avaliativo  desenvolvido para a aplicação em feiras livres. A adequação ao consumo das plantas medicinais foi determinada através de análises microbiológicas. A atividade era exercida predominantemente por homens de meia idade, de baixo nível de escolaridade e baixa renda. Os dados apontaram uma tendência à extinção da atividade  em todos os municípios estudados. A inadequação higiênica e sanitária observada in loco afetava negativamente a qualidade dos produtos. Consideraram-se todas as amostras de plantas medicinais analisadas como insalubres ao consumo humano, representando risco à saúde dos consumidores. Visando contribuir com a correção das inadequações higiênicas e sanitárias observadas nas feiras estudadas, foram realizadas ações educativas voltadas à capacitação dos comerciantes em Boas Práticas. De forma complementar, foi elaborada proposta de legislação específica para a comercialização de produtos da medicina tradicional em feiras livres.

5
  • EDILMA FERNANDES DA SILVA
  • ETNOBIOLOGIA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS EM RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • EDSON VICENTE DA SILVA
  • FRANCISCA DE SOUZA MILLER
  • GESINALDO ATAÍDE CÂNDIDO
  • GRACO AURELIO CAMARA DE MELO VIANA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • Data: Feb 27, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • Esta tese foi desenvolvida em três comunidades de pescadores artesanais: Barreiras, Diogo Lopes e Sertãozinho, inseridas na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão, localizada no município de Macau, litoral Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil e teve como objetivo analisar por meio de levantamento etnobiológico e análise sistêmica as interações dos pescadores com os recursos pesqueiros, bem como a diversidade de uso dos peixes, visando entender os aspectos ambientais e culturais da interação homem-meio ambiente. A coleta dos dados etnobiológicos foi realizada através de entrevistas com o auxílio de questionários semiestruturados e fotos de espécies de peixes da região. Foram coletados, fixados e identificados exemplares da ictiofauna presente nos desembarques acompanhados e registrados durante a realização da pesquisa. Participaram desta pesquisa 38 pescadores da comunidade de Barreiras, 38 de Diogo Lopes e 34 pescadores de Sertãozinho, totalizando 110 entrevistas de etnoictiologia.  Os dados etnobiológicos foram analisados através da comparação com as informações científicas da literatura ictiológica, utilizando-se também do índice de diversidade e teste t. Informações sobre ecologia (alimentação, hábitat, predação e formação de cardumes) dos peixes apresentaram elevada concordância com a literatura científica. De acordo com o conhecimento dos pescadores foi produzida uma listagem etnotaxonômica a partir do Uso dos Recursos composta por 44 taxons utilizados principalmente para consumo, comercialização, bem como uso medicinal. As espécies com maior valor de uso foram: a tainha, adultos de Mugil spp. (n=100) o cavalo marinho, Hipocampus spp, (n=83), a sauna jovens de Mugil spp, a carapeba Diapterus spp, (n=73), a sardinha laje, Opisthonema oglinum (n=69) e o voador, Hirundichthys afinis (n=63). O índice de diversidade variou entre 1,20 a 1.33. As comunidades que compõem a RDSEPT possuem diversidade de conhecimento sobre utilização dos recursos pesqueiros e os mesmos conseguem identificar espécies que estão sofrendo pressão na área da Reserva. O ultimo capítulo dessa obra, compreendeu a identificação dos conflitos existentes nas comunidades da RDSEPT segundo a percepção dos pescadores com estratégias para subsidiar o plano de pesca e o ordenamento dos recursos pesqueiros da Reserva. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a importância de envolver os pescadores artesanais no ordenamento e conservação dos recursos naturais.

6
  • LUIZ MARTINS DA SILVA SOBRINHO
  • ESTUDO GEODINÂMICO DA FACHADA ORIENTAL DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE - NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • ELINEI ARAUJO DE ALMEIDA
  • GRACO AURELIO CAMARA DE MELO VIANA
  • GEORGE SATANDER SÁ FREIRE
  • JOSÉ ADOLFO DE ALMEIDA NETO
  • Data: Jun 23, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • A fachada costeira oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte começou a intensificar o seu processo de reocupação a partir da década de 1970, para o desenvolvimento da indústria do turismo e do lazer.  Atualmente, passados mais de quarenta anos este sistema paisagistico se encontra em fase de acentuada descaracterização, demandando alguma iniciativa no sentido definir um modelo para que este projeto continue de forma sustentável. È o que propomos neste trabalho, que foi desenvolvido com três níveis de abordagem; inicialmente descritivo ou multidisciplinar, em seguida um analítico, em nível multidisciplinar e um dinâmico, a nível transdisciplinar. Neste sentido procurou-se conhecer as características fisiográficas da região a partir da revisão de estudos e dados cartográficos disponíveis, acompanhados de observações no terreno. As informações obtidas desta forma proporcionaram o entendimento necessário para a execução de uma segunda etapa de atividades, quando foram formulados modelos sobre os processos morfogenéticos e morfodinâmicos deste geossistema, a partir da interpretação de fotografias aéreas, obtidas em períodos diferentes, e controle de terreno. Desta forma cinco unidades geomorfológicas foram delimitadas   sendo quatro delas caracterizadas como de zonas de tensão ecológica, todas representadas através de um modelo e uma carta geodinâmica. As amostras coletadas durante as atividades de controle de terreno foram analizadas em laboratório com técnicas de sedimentologia, granulometria, difratometria de Raios X e lâminas petrográficas. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram caracterizar os tipos dominantes de transporte de sedimentos, bem como os ambientes de deposição da época em que aconteceram estas ocorrências. Os valores obtidos por este intermédio foram interpretados através do Teste KS (Kolmogorov Smirnov, 1933), e da Análise Fatorial de Composições Múltiplas (A.F.C.M.), e serviram para a formulação hipotética das características paleoclimáticas regionais na época em que a paisagem atual começou a ser formada. Finalizando, as informações obtidas sobre as características fisiográficas das unidades de paisagem delimitadas foram usadas, para identificar seus possíveis limites de suporte para diferentes tipos de ocupação humana no transcorrer de quatro séculos. A dinâmica interna deste geossistema foi seriamente atingida pela ação antrópica, comprometendo seus mecanismos de auto-regulação principalmente nas zonas de tensão ecológica, bem como desenvolvendo intensos conflitos ambientais. A partir de tais referências é possível que se formule sugestões para uma melhor continuidade do projeto inicial do governo voltado para a exploração do turismo regional fundamentado no conceito de sustentabilidade.
7
  • MARIA DE LIMA ALVES
  • DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E INSETOS VETORES DAS LEISHMANIOSES NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL


  • Advisor : MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • NILMA DIAS LEAO COSTA
  • PAULA VIVIANE DE SOUZA QUEIROZ MOREIRA
  • SINVAL PINTO BRANDÃO FILHO
  • Data: Jul 31, 2015


  • Show Abstract
  • A complexidade de fatores envolvidos na transmissão da leishmaniose visceral (LV) se constitui em dificuldades para seu controle sendo notificada nas cinco regiões do Brasil e encontra-se em expansão no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo consistiu em analisar a inter-relação entre a incidência da leishmaniose visceral e o desenvolvimento sustentável dos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte. Teve como objetivos específicos: Analisar a inter-relação entre Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a ocorrência de leishmanioses visceral nos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte; Avaliar a abundância e a sazonalidade das espécies de flebotomíneos e suas correlações com variáveis climáticas ao longo de três anos em área periurbana da região metropolitana de Natal; Averiguar o conhecimento da população sobre leishmaniose; Produzir cartilha educativa sobre leishmanioses como ferramenta paradidática ao ensino de ciências e biologia; Realizar ações educativas em saúde ambiental e leishmanioses. Adotou-se metodologias diferenciadas em cada etapa da pesquisa para o alcance dos objetivos em que houve a incorporação de aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, contribuindo para a análise interdisciplinar dos resultados. A análise construída permite inferir que o modelo de desenvolvimento vigente nos municípios norte-rio-grandenses reflete negativamente nas condições de saúde dos indivíduos favorecendo a expansão da leishmaniose visceral, estando fortemente relacionados. Já o conhecimento que os indivíduos da comunidade Guanduba possuem acerca da leishmaniose visceral é incipiente para sua prevenção. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre a fauna de flebotomíneos e locais de reprodução das espécies encontradas em área periurbana se constitui em informação útil para o manejo do ambiente, o controle do vetor e da incidência da leishmaniose visceral pelos órgãos de saúde competentes. O material didático produzido sobre leishmanioses e as ações desenvolvidas em saúde ambiental se constituem em ferramentas úteis e complementares podendo ser utilizadas pelos profissionais da saúde e da educação para o conhecimento e adoção de medidas preventivas da doença pelos estudantes e população. Portanto, o conhecimento produzido é imprescindível ao planejamento e consolidação de ações intersetoriais pela gestão pública sobre os processos socioeconômicos, culturais e ambientais que determinam a negligência e influenciam a saúde coletiva e o adoecimento pela leishmaniose no Rio Grande do Norte.

2014
Thesis
1
  • MYCARLA MIRIA ARAUJO DE LUCENA
  • PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL E ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM: PROPOSTA DE CRITÉRIOS ADICIONAIS PARA DEFINIÇÃO DE  ÁREA PRIORITÁRIA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO NO SEMIÁRIDO


  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • CARLA GIOVANA CABRAL
  • REINALDO FARIAS PAIVA DE LUCENA
  • VLÁDIA PINTO VIDAL DE OLIVEIRA
  • Data: Feb 20, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • As transformações ambientais e suas consequências em nível global têm desafiado os diferentes campos de estudo a se integrarem em prol de soluções efetivas para minimizar e/ou equacionar os impactos negativos causados por essas transformações nos diversos tipos de ambientes. Nesse contexto, a Percepção Ambiental tem sido um instrumento bastante utilizado e relevante em estudos que contemplam as relações entre meio ambiente e ações humanas, por possibilitar análises das percepções, atitudes e valores, principais formadores da topofilia, que repercute em ações de conservação. Aliada à Percepção Ambiental, a Análise Integrada da Paisagem é relevante por possibilitar analisar de forma sistêmica o espaço geográfico, onde todos os seus elementos estão interrelacionados de forma que dão suporte necessário para compreensão da complexidade do meio físico e antrópico de um determinado ambiente. Nessa perspectiva, foi estudado o Complexo Serrano João do Vale, situado no Semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, que apresenta um conjunto de paisagens com diferentes fisionomias, as quais vêm sendo substituídas por diversas atividades econômicas e crescimento populacional desordenados, com consequente exploração das potencialidades dos recursos naturais. Esta tese teve como objetivo geral aliar a Percepção Ambiental de comunidades rurais à Análise da Paisagem do Complexo Serrano como critérios adicionais para definição de Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação. Os dados de percepção foram obtidos por meio de observação direta, questionamentos, entrevistas e aplicação de formulários a 240 pessoas (100% dos domicílios ocupados na comunidade serrana), durante os meses de fevereiro a agosto de 2011, com base teórico-metodológica da Percepção Ambiental. A Análise Integrada da Paisagem foi efetuada através do método GTP (Geossistema- Território-Paisagem), por meio do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), utilizando a técnica de geoprocessamento para o mapeamento da paisagem. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os entrevistados apresentam um sentimento de topofilia pelo local onde vivem, detêm um vasto conhecimento sobre os recursos naturais existentes nesse Complexo Serrano, e responderam positivamente quanto à escolha de uma área exclusiva para conservação. A Análise Integrada da Paisagem possibilitou identificar as diversas formas de usos e ocupações existentes no Complexo Serrano, que têm causado mudanças significativas no espaço, principalmente no platô onde a vegetação foi praticamente substituída pelas habitações humanas e plantações de cajueiros. Através dos mapas de declividade e vulnerabilidade ambiental foi possível identificar que as áreas com elevadas declividades (grotas) constituem fator limitante para a ocupação pelas comunidades e, portanto, relevantes e passíveis de conservação, inclusive por serem Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Esses resultados, em conjunto, possibilitaram definir um mapa de Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação nesse Complexo Serrano, com três categorias de prioridade: baixa, média e alta. Portanto, o uso desses critérios adicionais são relevantes para definição/designação de Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação.

2
  • AFRANIO CESAR DE ARAUJO
  • Práticas agroecológicas para o cultivo do gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.)

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • SILVIA REGINA BATISTUZZO DE MEDEIROS
  • APOLINO JOSE NOGUEIRA DA SILVA
  • JOSÉ ARAÚJO DANTAS
  • MARIA DO SOCORRO BEZERRA DE ARAÚJO
  • Data: Feb 24, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • A exploração exacerbada dos recursos demandados pela Agricultura Moderna vem provocando empobrecimento, salinização e compactação dos solos. O uso irracional de fertilizantes químicos e agrotóxicos tem causado desequilíbrio químico nos tecidos vegetais, perdas nutricionais, alterações no sabor e problemas na saúde humana. As monoculturas estão mais sujeitas ao ataque de pragas e doenças, sendo altamente dependentes de agrotóxicos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho: (1) indicar a(s) época(s) relativa(s) mais apropriada(s) de plantio do feijão caupi no consórcio com o gergelim a partir da avaliação de aspectos agronômicos, econômicos, ecológicos e fisiológicos e (2) avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de urina de vaca e manipueira como fertilizantes alternativos no cultivo do gergelim. No ensaio de campo, quando o consórcio gergelim/feijão caupi foi avaliado, os tratamentos principais foram os monocultivos das duas culturas e os cultivos consorciados, sendo a Fabacea plantada no mesmo tempo, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a Pedaliaceae. No experimento em vasos, os tratamentos principais constaram de doses combinadas de urina de vaca (0 e 50 mL) e manipueira (0, 500 e 1000 mL). Na avaliação do consórcio, foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para a maior parte das variáveis. Percebeu-se que na medida em que se atrasava a semeadura do feijão caupi em relação ao plantio do gergelim, obtinham-se respostas proporcionalmente mais positivas para a Pedaliaceae, o contrário ocorrendo para o feijão. Destacou-se o tratamento 7 dias como o ponto de equilíbrio  considerando as relações competitivas estabelecidas entre as duas culturas no consórcio. O gergelim apresentou respostas pouco pronunciadas às diferentes doses isoladas de manipueira. A urina de vaca exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento vegetativo do gergelim, o que se refletiu no aumento das taxas de crescimento em resposta à aplicação do produto. As respostas do crescimento do gergelim à aplicação da urina de vaca devem estar relacionadas tanto à riqueza nutricional do produto quanto à presença de substâncias estimuladoras do crescimento. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, no consórcio gergelim/feijão caupi, quando a Fabacea é plantada 7 dias após o gergelim, há maior possibilidade de ganhos líquidos para o produtor e que urina de vaca e manipueira podem ser utilizados como complementos na adubação do gergelim.

3
  • IVANILSON DE SOUZA MAIA
  • SUSTENTABILIDADE E GESTÃO DA PESCA ARTESANAL NA COSTA DO SEMINÁRIDO POTIGUAR (RN), BRASIL

  • Advisor : JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ALEXANDRE SCHIAVETTI
  • FRANCISCA DE SOUZA MILLER
  • GRACO AURELIO CAMARA DE MELO VIANA
  • JORGE EDUARDO LINS OLIVEIRA
  • MANUEL ANTONIO DE ANDRADE FURTADO NETO
  • Data: Aug 22, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • Analisou-se a socioeconomia dos municípios costeiros do Semiárido Potiguar, perpassando pelos atores, implicações antrópicas, ambiente de pesca e composição de sua ictiofauna, bem como a tendência da produção desembarcada pela frota artesanal com o objetivo de identificar a sustentabilidade e a gestão. Utilizou-se de metodologias participativas, dados mensais de pluviometria entre setembro de 2001 e dezembro de 2010; de desembarques da frota artesanal durante janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2010; e socioeconômicos (IBGE, 2002/2010), (IDEMA, 2011/2012), (MPA, 2010;2012), PNUD e MS (2013). A partir destes dados, realizou-se análise de variância e utilizou-se do Método de Processo Analítico Hierárquico (PAH) e modelos estatísticos de regressão múltipla e de séries temporais. Identificou-se que a ocupação da zona costeira e marinha pela indústria salineira, do turismo, da carcinicultura, do petróleo e gás e da energia eólica reconfigurou o ambiente e atraiu novos atores. A pluviometria influenciou nas capturas, das quais 35% ocorrem no período chuvoso, 40% na estação seca e 25% independem. A produção cresceu 55%, desembarcadas em 31 portos distribuídos por 11 municípios, capturadas nos ambientes manguezal/estuarino (23%), costeiro (46%) e oceânico (31%). Apesar de comercializar-se 41 espécies, a produção concentrou-se em oito, desembarcadas principalmente em Macau e Caiçara do Norte, por embarcações de pequeno e médio porte (motorizadas e veleiras). Destacaram-se 3 espécies (Hirundichthys affins, Opisthonema oglinum e Coryphaena hippurus), que juntas representaram 63,3% de todo volume. Verificou-se que as embarcações motorizadas triplicaram em número enquanto as veleiras reduziram à metade. Os desembarques pelos diversos tipos de embarcações tendem a aumentar ao longo do tempo, enquanto, pelas pequenas embarcações veleiras, decrescem. A entrada a mais de novas embarcações motorizadas e veleiras, também tendem a aumentar a produção. O estudo concluiu que o PIB e o IDH dos municípios costeiros aumentaram, porém a desigualdade persistiu. A potencialidade da pesca artesanal encontra-se no estágio de desenvolvimento pouco favorável e a tendência da produção pesqueira é a de crescer ao longo do tempo e com a entrada a mais de embarcações. Entretanto, urge que o Estado aprimore ações de fomento e ordenamento para reestabelecer os recursos pesqueiros em padrões sustentáveis e pescarias rentáveis. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso estratégico dos recursos naturais na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável.

4
  • ALINE DE SOUZA AMORIM
  • MICRORGANISMOS DE RESERVATÓRIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO: BACTERIOPLÂNCTON, CIANOBACTÉRIAS E RELAÇÕES COM A ABORDAGEM BIOTECNOLÓGICA EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS

  • Advisor : MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • FABIO TEIXEIRA DUARTE
  • FRANCISCO JOSÉ PEGADO ABÍLIO
  • LUIZ SODRE NETO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • Data: Aug 25, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • As bactérias, juntamente com outros microrganismos, exercem um papel de grande importância na ciclagem dos nutrientes, estabelecendo um elo entre todos os organismos do ambiente e, por isso, atuam também como bioindicadoras da qualidade da água. O processo de eutrofização leva ao aumento de bactérias heterotróficas e de cianobactérias em ecossistemas aquáticos e essas últimas podem produzir cianotoxinas que causam envenenamento em animais e intoxicação em humanos, podendo levá-los até a morte. Espécies de cianobactérias tóxicas já foram registradas no Rio Grande do Norte, estado inserido na região semiárida brasileira, caracterizada pelo clima quente e seco e por regimes pluviométricos irregulares, tornando necessária a construção de reservatórios para suprir a demanda de água nos períodos de estiagem. Nesse contexto, o estudo de microrganismos aquáticos tem grande importância para a população, uma vez que, por meio dele, pode-se diagnosticar a qualidade da água que é utilizada para fins múltiplos. Tradicionalmente a detecção e a identificação de bactérias são feitas por metodologias dependentes de cultivo, porém os resultados nem sempre traduziam fielmente a realidade do que estava sendo estudado e, assim, técnicas moleculares para o estudo das comunidades bacterianas em amostras ambientais têm sido desenvolvidas. A identificação de microrganismos indicadores de qualidade de água é importante para a sociedade por permitir um conhecimento mais preciso sobre a saúde dos ambientes aquáticos. Pensando na perspectiva de que o cidadão deve ter conhecimento sobre os problemas relacionados à degradação e ao mal uso dos recursos naturais, como a água, por exemplo, as novas propostas pedagógicas devem estar adequadas para que cidadãos com pensamento crítico sejam formados a fim de conhecer e tentar solucionar as questões envolvendo a degradação ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as comunidades bacterianas e suas variações sazonais em três reservatórios localizados na região semiárida do estado; analisar a diversidade bacteriana nesses reservatórios por meio de análise de fragmentos do gene 16S rDNA e pelo sequenciamento desses fragmentos; e identificar como os conteúdos relativos à Biologia Molecular e Celular e à Microbiologia são tratados nos livros didáticos e como essa abordagem pode influenciar no aprendizado dos alunos. Amostras foram coletadas e analisadas por protocolos adequados a cada objetivo de estudo. As densidades bacterianas nos reservatórios estudados variaram de 6x106 a 4 x107 bac mL-1, enquanto que as biomassas totais variaram de 94 a 238 μgCL-1, influenciadas pela temperatura, pelo pH e pela concentração de clorofila-a.  O sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA  confirmou a representatividade das cianobactérias nos ambientes estudados, pertencendo principalmente aos gêneros Cylindrospermopsis, Raphidiopsis e Anabaena. Atentando para as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo nos ecossistemas em decorrência dos problemas ambientais, os livros didáticos de Biologia se encontram em fase de modificações para atender às demandas de conhecimentos da sociedade contemporânea, porém as propostas pedagógicas e a abordagem do ensino ainda precisam avançar, uma vez que, na maioria deles, ainda há uma centralização no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na figura do professor.

5
  • THAISE SOUSA DA SILVA
  • PERCEPÇÕES DE COMUNIDADES RURAIS E INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE COMO SUBSÍDIOS Á CONSERVAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE CAATINGA NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

  • Advisor : ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • DANIEL DURANTE PEREIRA ALVES
  • ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE
  • GESINALDO ATAÍDE CÂNDIDO
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARIA CRISTINA BASÍLIO CRISPIM DA SILVA
  • Data: Aug 26, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • A degradação ambiental é um problema global que afeta particularmente regiões submetidas a variações climáticas sazonais, como é o caso do semiárido brasileiro, mais precisamente o Domínio das Caatingas.  Aliada a outros fatores negativos, como o uso e ocupação desordenados, as consequências têm desafiado a ciência na busca pelo equacionamento dos problemas socioambientais gerados. Nesse sentido, a Percepção Ambiental tem sido um instrumento bastante relevante em estudos que tratam das relações entre meio ambiente e ações humanas, por possibilitar análises das concepções, atitudes e valores, principalmente aqueles relacionados à conservação ambiental. Aliada à Percepção Ambiental, os Indicadores de Sustentabilidade constituem ferramentas relevantes por possibilitarem mensurar as possíveis causas e consequências de problemas ambientais. Dentre os diversos Indicadores de Sustentabilidade, destaca-se o método pressão-estado-impacto-resposta (PEIR), que é um instrumento analítico que permite organizar e agrupar de maneira lógica os fatores que afetam, o impacto que geram na natureza e na saúde humana, assim como de que forma a sociedade e o poder público podem intervir para reverter a situação causada. Nessa perspectiva, foram estudadas três áreas de Caatinga no seridó do Rio Grande do Norte: Estação Ecológica do Seridó, Município de Serra Negra do Norte; Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Stoessel de Brito, Município de Jucurutu; e parte da Serra de Santana, Município de Tenente Laurentino Cruz. Estas constituem áreas naturais protegidas e não protegidas e por isso, estão submetidas a diferentes formas de gestão, embora compartilhem semelhanças socioambientais; ou seja, as comunidades residentes nessas áreas, estão submetidas a vulnerabilidades e usam de forma desordenada as potencialidades dos recursos naturais. Nesse Cenário, esta tese teve como objetivo geral inserir as comunidades rurais no processo de conservação, utilizando a Percepção Ambiental dessas comunidades, aliada à análise da sustentabilidade dos municípios por meio do PEIR. As informações sobre percepção foram obtidas de dados primários e secundários de estudos anteriormente realizados em comunidades habitantes do entorno da ESEC Seridó, município de Serra Negra do Norte e da RPPN Stoessel de Brito, município de Jucurutu. E, por meio de observação direta e entrevistas no formato de formulários, aplicados a comunidades rurais do entorno da Caatinga do Município de Tenente Laurentino Cruz, foram obtidas suas percepções. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os entrevistados apresentam um conhecimento amplo sobre a degradação ambiental, suas causas e consequências, atende um vasto conhecimento sobre os recursos naturais existentes nessas áreas de Caatinga. A Análise do Sistema PEIR possibilitou identificar nas áreas estudadas que, nos municípios que abrigam Unidades de Conservação, a degradação ambiental está em menores proporções que naqueles que não possuem áreas protegidas, além de demonstrar que o conhecimento das comunidades e a aceitação destas em relação às Unidades de Conservação, potencializam as ações que podem ser utilizadas para a redução da degradação ambiental na Caatinga.

6
  • SIMONE CASSIANO DE LIMA SOUSA
  • A IMPORTÂNCIA DA BIOTECNOLOGIA VEGETAL NO PROCESSO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DA CULTURA DA CARNAUBEIRA EM MUNICÍPIOS DO VALE DO AÇU

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • JULIANA ESPADA LICHSTON
  • MARLUCIA CRUZ DE SANTANA
  • REJANE JUREMA MANSUR CUSTÓDIO NOGUEIRA
  • Data: Aug 28, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • O desmatamento, bem como a exploração econômica extrativista não sustentada, vem colocando em risco as espécies nativas da vegetação do Nordeste Brasileiro. Dentre elas a carnaubeira (Copernicia prunifera), uma palmeira endêmica que tem importância econômica, social e ambiental comprovada. Até a década de 1970, a cera vegetal consistia no principal produto extraído dessa palmeira, tendo conquistado mercados nacionais e internacionais. Com a desvalorização da cera e as políticas de incentivo à agricultura intensiva, no Rio Grande do Norte muitos carnaubais foram substituídos por diversas culturas, principalmente na região do Vale do Açu. Como conseqüência, em menos de 25 anos a mata ciliar de carnaubeiras teve mais de 50% de sua área substituída por outras atividades econômicas, acarretando em prejuízos ambientais e sociais, principalmente na sub-região do Baixo-Açu. Paralelo a isso, a pouca sensibilização por parte das comunidades extrativistas a respeito da necessidade de conservação dos recursos ambientais e manejo adequado, aliado à adoção de técnicas rudimentares, contribuiram ainda mais com o impacto que este espécie vem sofrendo ao longo dessas ultimas décadas. Apesar dessa realidade, a carnaubeira continua a auxiliar na fixação do homem no campo e na complementação da renda por apresentar diversos usos, que varia desde o artesanato até a cadeia produtiva da cera. Para contornar essa realidade, acredita-se que uma comunidade atuante e respaldada de conhecimentos, possa colaborar com o resguardo dessa espécie em suas áreas de ocorrência, utilizando-se como instrumento a percepção ambiental. Por outro lado, a reposição natural da população de carnaubeira é dificultada pela característica de sua semente, pois apresenta dormência. Para contornar essa situação, as pesquisas em biotecnologia podem favorecer a produção de mudas em larga escala, além de nos possibilitar a implantação de banco de germoplasma com fins de melhoramento, proteção dos recursos genéticos e projetos de reflorestamento. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é propor medidas que visem à conservação da carnaubeira utilizando como ferramentas a percepção ambiental e a biotecnologia vegetal. Para tanto, uma das etapas dessa pesquisa gerou o capítulo 1, intitulado: “A influência de meios de cultura e concentração de sacarose na germinação in vitro de embriões zigóticos de carnaubeira [Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore]”. Nele, embriões imaturos de carnaubeira, foram inoculados em diversos meios de cultura WPM, MS e Y3, com variadas concentrações de sacarose (30, 45 e 60 gramas), num fatorial 3x3, a fim de se observar qual tratamento induziria a maior taxa de germinação e formação de plantas normais. Ao fim de 90 dias, comprovou-se a partir da analise estatística com 5% de significância que a germinação dos embriões pode ocorrer nos meios de cultura testados com as variadas concentrações de sacarose, porém o meio MS não promove a conversão do embrião em plantas normais, sendo diferente dos demais.

7
  • RAFAELLA ILIANA ALVES ARCILA CORREIA
  • GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: GOVERNANÇA E GERENCIAMENTO DE CONFLITOS PELO USO DA ÁGUA EM REGIÃO DO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO

  • Advisor : RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • RAQUEL FRANCO DE SOUZA
  • MARIA DE FATIMA FREIRE DE MELO XIMENES
  • VERA LUCIA LOPES DE CASTRO
  • JOANA DARC FREIRE DE MEDEIROS
  • TALDEN QUEIROZ FARIAS
  • Data: Aug 28, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • A água por ser bem vital e fator de desenvolvimento econômico e social carece de proteção pelo Estado e de uma gestão efetiva. Em razão disso, esta Tese analisa o panorama da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e a efetivação de uma gestão integrada, compartilhada e participativa, contextualizando os princípios previstos na Política.

    O trabalho está focado na discussão de políticas públicas de acesso à água, analisando o Programa Água Doce em região do semiárido como estratégia de convivência e permanência de uma politica pública que garante o uso prioritário qual seja para o consumo humano. O marco conceitual deste estudo apoia-se, principalmente, nas contribuições de autores situados no campo reconhecido como governança, gestão das águas e conflitos pelo uso da água. Promoveu-se um estudo sobre o processo de implantação das diferentes “instituições e políticas” relacionadas à gestão das águas, contextualizando assim a mudança de paradigma na transição entre o modelo centralizador e aquele que leva em consideração a participação social, abrindo-se dessa maneira perspectivas mais amplas para a análise dos conteúdos e dos impactos decorrentes dessas políticas. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, foi realizado o acompanhamento – tanto documental, quanto presencial - das atividades de campo realizadas enquanto consultora do Programa Água Doce. O relato do histórico da gestão de águas na região semiárida foi estudado, retratando movimentos de conflito e cooperação entre os atores. Apesar de grandes entraves para firmar a gestão compartilhada e descentralizada, o estudo desta tese aponta para um gradual avanço na formulação de políticas públicas que prezem a governança, a gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos, com perspectivas positivas rumo à implantação de ações coordenadas e cooperativas na região que sofre com a escassez de chuvas, consequentemente de água para irrigação e o consumo humano, principalmente. 

8
  • ANA KATARINA OLIVEIRA ARAGAO
  • ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL DO VALE DO AÇU/RN: uma análise sobre as principias atividades econômicas da Região

  • Advisor : MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
  • ELIANE MARINHO SORIANO
  • GEORGE SATANDER SÁ FREIRE
  • MAGDI AHMED IBRAHIM ALOUFA
  • MAGNOLIA FERNANDES FLORENCIO DE ARAUJO
  • MARLUCIA CRUZ DE SANTANA
  • Data: Oct 23, 2014


  • Show Abstract
  • Acreditando que as atividades econômicas do Vale do Açu, Rio Grande do Norte, são fontes expressivas de degradação dos recursos naturais locais, e considerando a associação entre o modelo analítico Pressão-Estado-Resposta e a avaliação da qualidade ambiental no levante a sustentabilidades, a Tese apresentada desenvolveu-se com de diagnosticar a condição ambiental do Vale do Açu em decorrência da ação dos principais processos produtivos regionais construindo para tanto um índice de qualidade ambiental cujos resultados ajudarão a compor o corpo de informações indispensáveis à gestão e planejamento ambientais, bem como à elaboração de políticas públicas e ações mitigadoras. Para consecução desse propósito foi realizado um levantamento de impacto ambiental baseado em pesquisa documental e investigações de campo (Capítulo 01); a construção propriamente dita do índice de qualidade do Vale do Açu a partir do uso do sistema de indicadores ambientais do modelo analítico Pressure-State-Response (Capítulo 02) e, com base no diagnostico apresentado, elaborou-se uma proposta de zoneamento ambiental para área em estudo (Capítulo 03). Os resultados mostram que as principais atividades econômicas do Vale do Açu (agricultura, indústria ceramista, cerâmicas, extrativismo vegetal e produção de carvão vegetal) exercem expressivas transformações nos recursos naturais locais pressionando-os ao ponto de classificar a condição ambiental da Região em um nível intermediário cujo valor indicado (0,40) encontra-se no limite para avançar a uma pior condição. Nesse contexto, a proposta de Zoneamento ambiental apresentada é sugerida como ferramenta de gestão e planejamento podendo auxiliar tanto a tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos locais quanto à elaboração de medidas de resguarde e ações mitigadoras por parte dos atores sociais locais e também dos referidos gestores.

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