The development of multifunctional textile materials with a nanometric structure and potential for high-tech applications, using natural components with reduced environmental impact, is the focus of this research. In this context, this study aims to produce water-resistant, sustainable, and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes for the controlled release of antimicrobial natural essential oil derived from cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). Polyethylene oxide (PEO, 200,000 g/mol) polymeric membranes were produced using the electrospinning method, followed by thermal curing with the crosslinking agent tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to optimize the chemical and mechanical resistances of the PEO fibers. After optimizing the electrospinning and curing methodologies, new membranes were produced with clove essential oil (2 and 5% m/m). The samples were characterized using analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG). The micrographs confirmed that the membranes were composed of fibers with diameters starting at 87 nm. The highest spinning efficiency was achieved with PEO solutions at 10% (m/m) in a 50:50 (m/m) acetone:chloroform mixture, at 90 °C and an injection flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, resulting in membranes with higher yield, fiber density, and handling resistance. The crosslinking of PEO was confirmed by solubility and contact angle tests with water, showing increased hydrophobicity and insolubility of the material. SEM-FEG, XRD, TG/DTG, and FTIR analyses indicated chemical and structural changes that improved the thermal and chemical resistances of the crosslinked PEO. Antimicrobial activity analyses revealed the formation of an inhibition zone around the crosslinked PEO nanofibrous membranes containing 5% (m/m) clove essential oil against E. coli, which remained for 7 days, indicating continued activity of the new material due to the controlled release of the natural active encapsulated by the polymeric fibers. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of eugenol in the membranes, validating the presence of the oil and its main active compound. The produced membranes demonstrated potential for various technological applications, such as dressings, filters, disinfectant films, cosmetics, and active packaging, highlighting the relevance of the obtained results for innovation in the field of advanced textile materials

The textile and clothing industry, in addition to being one of the oldest and largest in the world, also stands out as one of the most profitable sectors. According to UNECE (2018), the sector showed one of the highest growth rates at the beginning of the 21st century. However, this growth has also made it one of the biggest global polluters, as the foundations of the industry are based on unsustainable environmental production and consumption practices. These practices directly and significantly impact the triple planetary crisis, which includes climate change, loss of nature and biodiversity, and, finally, pollution and waste.Textile waste from the fashion industry is a direct consequence of the linear economic production model, which promotes a cycle focused on extracting from nature, transforming into products, and discarding. This system is driven by fast fashion, the predominant model in the fashion industry, characterized by the rapid and large-scale production of clothing inspired by the latest trends. Due to the fleeting nature of fashion trends, consumers are encouraged to purchase frequently and in large quantities, resulting in an accelerated cycle of production and disposal. This production model is based on the use of cheap labor and low-quality raw materials to reduce production costs and maximize the profits of major department store companies.This research aims to present a technological alternative for reverse logistics by considering the socio-environmental and industrial relevance in an attempt to reintroduce this pre-consumer cotton textile waste into the textile manufacturing chain as a new value-added product. In this context, the present project aims to incorporate the mentioned waste into a polymeric matrix, thus obtaining a composite material for application in the fashion industry. The fabrication of the composite materials was carried out using two phase-inversion techniques: evaporation and immersion precipitation, to analyze which method achieved better physical properties.

This study investigated the degradation of a polypropylene (iPP) geotextile subjected
to natural weathering and validated a thermal monitoring system developed for field
measurements. The research was based on experimental campaigns carried out in the
metropolitan region of Natal/RN, using custom thermal sensors and a weather station
to characterize environmental conditions. The sensors showed good thermal tracking
performance, with mean absolute errors below 2.5°C compared to a reference industrial
sensor, highlighting the importance of prior calibration in a controlled environment.
The analysis of environmental data confirmed the reliability of the Plugfield weather
station, whose measurements were consistent with INMET data. Tensile tests conducted
in two distinct periods revealed the progressive loss of geotextile strength over time,
with average reductions ranging from 8.4% to 16.2% in the second period, depending
on exposure conditions. The results highlight the cumulative effect of weathering on the
material’s mechanical properties and reinforce the need to consider environmental aging
in geosynthetics design. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of using low-cost
continuous thermal sensors for monitoring exposed geotextile structures, contributing to
more durable and safer engineering practices.

In industrial sewing, the quality of the final product is strongly influenced by parameters such as thread tension, machine speed, fabric type, and stitch type used. Improper adjustments can lead to stitch defects, fabric deformations, thread breakage, and even overheating in the sewing area, directly affecting the productivity and durability of the product. Knitted fabrics and woven fabrics, due to their distinct structural characteristics, respond differently to these variations, requiring specific care in the manufacturing process.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of thread tension on stitch formation in knitted and woven fabrics, considering variations in sewing machine speed (1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 RPM) and the type of stitch applied.

The research was conducted through experimental tests, using different combinations of thread tension and fabric types, simulating real industrial production conditions. Aspects such as fabric integrity, thread breakage, and temperature rise in the needle and thread area during high-speed sewing were evaluated.

The results showed that, at low speeds (1,000 RPM), thread tension exerts a less critical influence, allowing greater tolerance without compromising stitch quality. However, at higher speeds (2,000 and 4,000 RPM), thread tension becomes a determining factor, requiring strict control to prevent excessive friction, overheating, and stitch formation failures. Knitted fabrics showed greater sensitivity to variations, with deformations and irregularities under extreme conditions, while woven fabrics demonstrated greater dimensional stability. Sewing speed, fabric type, and stitch type are determining factors for the final sewing quality, ensuring efficiency and quality both in industrial production and in academic contexts.

This study investigates the use of flying fish (Hirundichthys affinis) fishing waste, specifically the filaments from the production of roe, called Tobiko, as a new textile fiber of animal origin—referred to in this work as Sea's Silk (SS fiber). The research presents comparative analyses between yarns produced 100% with the new fiber and their respective blends with cotton (CO), polyester (PES), and their respective blends in different proportions. Morphological, physical, and mechanical analyses were performed, highlighting twist, tensile strength, elongation, and yarn count, in order to compare the performance of yarns produced from the new fiber with already consolidated fibers, as well as with fiber blends. The results showed that, although pure SS fiber presents lower strength and uniformity, its blends, especially with polyester, revealed significant improvements in mechanical properties, in addition to good elasticity performance. The study concludes that SS fiber is a viable and sustainable alternative for the textile industry, with the potential to add value to a currently underutilized production chain. Furthermore, the use of the fiber offers a sustainable alternative to what was previously an important fishing waste product, with no added value.

This dissertation aims to comparatively analyze the mechanical performance and abrasion resistance of two fabrics — a technical fabric used in protective jackets and a common knitted fabric — correlating laboratory results with real-world motorcycle accident scenarios. The research employed experimental methods based on national and international technical standards (ABNT, ASTM, and ISO), applying tests for mass per unit area (grammage), tensile strength, elongation, thickness, and abrasion resistance using the Martindale method. Data were statistically treated through calculations of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the results. The tests revealed that the technical fabric exhibited superior values in all evaluated parameters, particularly in tensile strength (≈ 110–117 Kgf), greater thickness (≈ 0.32 mm), and abrasion resistance up to 83,000 cycles, while the common knit fabric resisted up to 28,000 cycles. These results confirm that fabrics with higher mass per unit area and density provide more effective protection against abrasion, making them more suitable for the development of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for motorcyclists. The study also demonstrated that fabric thickness and structural configuration directly influence energy dissipation and delay in rupture during friction — key factors in preventing injuries in fall situations. It is concluded that the use of technical textiles in motorcyclists’ clothing significantly contributes to reducing injury severity in accidents, promoting social benefits by enhancing road safety and guiding material selection for PPE design. Future studies are recommended to expand testing under dynamic conditions that simulate real falls, including varying speeds, angles, and surface types, to better correlate laboratory data with real-world scenarios. Thus, this work provides scientific and practical insights for improving protective fabrics and supporting the development of public policies aimed at motorcycle rider safety.

Brazil is one of the largest cotton exporters in the world and one of the largest producers of 100% cotton textile products such as fibers, yarns, flat and knitted fabrics. The process of transforming these products involves a production chain made up of several links that generates major impacts on the environment. One of these negative impacts is the generation of textile waste produced throughout this process. These discarded waste are rich in cellulose, which is one of nature's most abundant natural polymers with important properties such as great absorption power, mechanical resistance, insolubility in water, elasticity and biodegradability. This absorption capacity is an important and essential characteristic for the development and manufacture of a biomaterial widely used today, the hydrogel. The hydrogel is a 3D polymeric network and its main characteristic is its great water absorption capacity, which is why it is widely used in biomedicine, agriculture and biotechnology for the release of drugs and tissue engineering. However, its manufacture today is mostly from synthetic materials, derived from petroleum or pure cellulose supplied by large chemical laboratories. Therefore, the objective of this work is to produce the hydrogel using the cellulose obtained from the elimination of cotton from the processing stage in the final finishing process using the sanding machine. To provide the hydrogel, the dispersion was initially distributed in proportions of NaOH/Urea with controlled temperature and time. This sample was then cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. This crosslinker was used because it is only released for dermatological purposes. The solution passed resulting from the post-treatment process by freezing and thawing to obtain the hydrogel. The material obtained was characterized in terms of its microstructure by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM-FEG as well as by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result achieved proves that the process of obtaining the hydrogel depends on the amount of cellulose, post-treatment and concentration of the crosslinking agent. It is therefore concluded that the use of cellulose exclusion from the textile industry has potential application in obtaining cellulose hydrogens.

The environmental impacts resulting from processes in the textile industry have driven the development of techniques and products aimed at reducing environmental contamination, particularly through effluents. In this context, the use of alternative filters has gained attention. This study proposes the utilization of spent coffee grounds as natural filters with the capacity to adsorb dye particles and certain chemical compounds present in industrial effluents. The coffee grounds will be evaluated both in their raw form and as ashes obtained through calcination at temperatures of 200°C, 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C. The samples will be analyzed and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Stereoscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, allowing for the determination of the composition and properties of the materials under study. Furthermore, an adsorption evaluation will be conducted for acid, disperse, and reactive blue dyes commonly found in textile effluents. The creation of a product derived from residual biomass offers an innovative, cost-effective, and impactful solution, particularly within the industrial sector.

ABSTRACT

The art of spinning is such an ancient and important tradition in today's world that it has been industrialized to this day. Its end result is yarn, whose product is obtained from natural and synthetic fibers, or their various types of mixtures. A good quality yarn has certain characteristics that differentiate it from others. An important characteristic is its minimal effect on the formation of pilling or small “balls” of intertwined fibers, also known as neps. Faced with this concern, we decided to develop this research, with the objective of knowing the influence of the physical properties of cotton and polyester on the quality of PAMP 65/35 Ne=36/1 yarn. Thus, it was possible to graphically describe the behavior of the physical properties of cotton and polyester, such as percentage of impurities, percentage of short fibers, fiber fineness and length within the production cycle. This research was carried out in partnership with a Company with a data collection an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was applied, also applying processing and analysis of the information was carried out using the significance value (Sig) for the hypothesis test and the coefficient of Spearman correlation (Rho). It was concluded that with the contrast of the results obtained with other similar studies, a great similarity and a good contribution of the work to the textile industry can be found.

Full-body harnesses are used as protective equipment in order to minimize the consequences of high falls and require good mechanical properties to provide the necessary protection to the user. There are few studies about the characterization of used full-body harnesses in order to identify and quantify the loss of degradation after its usage time. Previous studies showed those protective equipments lose their protective properties during service life, caused by several destructive factors as well as UV, dust, chemicals, temperature changes and humidity, as direct contact with sharp objects and rough surfaces. The objective of this work is to present degradations found in full-body harnesses after use, relating these defects to the types of activity to which they were exposed. The methodology used is based on the use of full body harnesses samples against falls used by workers in several companies, performing a visual inspection, characterization of textile materials, static and dynamic tests on said samples. The results confirm several types of degradation found in previous research and demonstrate that most of the defects found are related to corrosion of metallic elements (90%), dirt (50%), and wear on the tapes (20%). In those samples collected in industry, a greater diversity of defects and dirt were found, while in civil construction only dirts from cement was found. In the energy and telecommunications sectors, defects were found in dorsal support elements and in the legs, in addition to wear on the tapes in 80% of the samples, which may be related to the daily frequency of use of Personal Protective Equipments to climb stairs and poles. Finally, all used full body harnesses against falls studied were approved in dynamic tests, but there was a loss of resistance of 3.46%, proven through static resistance tests.

Cold plasma, an ionized gas mixture with a temperature close to room temperature, can be safely used for treatments on textile substrate surfaces. Plasma treatment can modify textile surfaces, forming superhydrophobic nanometric structures that result in self-cleaning materials. Despite having a hydrophilic nature, polyester textiles inherently exhibit certain levels of hydrophobicity in their fibers. With the aim of further enhancing the water repellency of the polyester textile substrate, nanometric carbon-rich films were deposited using the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique on small fabric samples, using Xylene (C8H10) and Acetylene (C2H2) as vapor sources, and varying the deposition time. Initially, the samples were treated with acetylene alone, with treatment times set at 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The second treatment was carried out using acetylene and xylene, with the same time variations (10, 15, and 20 minutes). Other parameters such as power, flow, temperature, current, and voltage were determined based on the time variations. After the treatment, the samples were subjected to characterizations and evaluated through different experimental techniques, such as water and oil contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results obtained indicated that there was polymerization on the fabric surface, creating an ultra-thin carbon-based layer. This layer was composed of apolar groups, which were responsible for providing hydrophobic functionalities to the polyester samples while maintaining oil absorption, even under all treatment conditions.

The treatment of textile articles with zinc oxide has emerged as a noteworthy technique due to its capacity to confer diverse attributes upon the substrate, thereby enabling the realization of specific technical applications. These applications encompass photocatalysis, antibacterial effects, shielding against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity. The direct deposition onto textile materials via plasma represents a promising avenue, notably due to its avoidance of water and the utilization of environmentally hazardous chemical reagents. The principal objective of this research is to effectuate the deposition of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto cotton fabric through plasma processes and subsequently analyze the bactericidal and photocatalytic activities. The cylindrical cathode deposition is a contemporary technique used in this study, whereupon insert zinc oxide compacted cyliderns in the cathodic cage onto plasma reactor. In light of the susceptibility of textile materials to elevated temperatures, cotton fabric samples are positioned externally to the cathode cage, within the reactor’s flange. The study explore of the influence of argon, hydrogen, and an gas mixture over varying treatment durations (1 and 2 hours). The treated samples was analyzed to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Metilen Blue Photocatalysis and the bacterial activity analysis by Antibiogram and Violet Crystal. The presence of zinc is not found via XRD analysis, but is demonstrable through EDS, with notably higher proportions detected in samples treated exclusively with hydrogen. The visualization of nanoparticle presence via SEM is precluded due to limitations associated with the utilized magnification scale, because a higher scale damages the fabric cotton. All treated samples exhibits methylene blue degradation, with the most pronounced effect observed in the instance of samples treated solely with hydrogen gas over 2 hour. Crystal violet assays and antibiogram testing was carried on cultures of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Resistent Carbapenemase Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (KPC+), representing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria classifications of paramount concern, as identified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Crystal violet assays manifest inhibition of bacterial proliferation across all samples, save for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the fabric treated exclusively with argon gas over a 2 hour interval. The most notable inhibition is in the case of Staphylococcus Aureus, achieving an approximate 40% reduction in growth within fabrics treated solely with hydrogen gas. Antibiogram reveals the formation of a well-defined inhibition zone in the sample subjected to hydrogen gas treatment for 2 hours, while a modest inhibition zone is also observed in instances of hydrogen gas treatment for 1 hour and the gas mixture treatment over a 2 hour duration. The results of this study indicate the formation of a thin film on the cotton fabric surface with photocatalytic and antibacterial effects, particularly effective against gram-positive bacterial strains.

The use of synthetic materials to manufacture surgical mask filters is extremely common in the textile industry. However, with the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials, there is great interest in using these materials in nonwovens. Therefore, the objective of this project is to develop a kapok and PVAc nonwoven fabric and evaluate its effectiveness as a filtering material for PFF masks. A 1:4 solution of distilled water to PVAc was prepared by stirring for 15 minutes, then impregnated and sprayed onto the different mats formed. The filters were consolidated by pressing for 24 hours and dried at 60°C for 2 hours. Chitosan was also added to some samples to evaluate the bacterial effect of its insertion, aiming to guarantee effectiveness in nationally approved tests. However, the results showed that only kapok and PVAc nonwovens had positive responses in inhibiting bacterial proliferation, while other nonwovens made of kapok, PVAc and chitosan had no effect. Air permeability and grammage tests were also carried out in the laboratory with satisfactory results for all filters. It can be seen that the greater the amount of kapok fiber, the greater the resistance of the nonwovens, and that low resistance is associated with high elongation. Analyzes such as XRD, FTIR and SEM-FEG were also carried out to observe the morphology and structure of the developed materials.

The aim of this work was to develop a continuous filament of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with thermochromic property, for applications in textile materials. For this, two types of thermochromic pigments, in orange and purple, both with color change at a temperature of 31°C, were mixed with HDPE during extrusion processing to obtain a filament at melt state, and the proportions used of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% of pigments. The photomicrographs obtained from the pigment powders showed that the materials had a spherical morphology. To identify the activation temperature of the pigments, the powders were subjected to heating, where the thermochromic transition temperature could be identified and the images were obtained in a digital camera, showing the differences in colors at 21°C and 45°C. After the mixing process by extrusion and granulation of all samples, part of the granules was used to mold specimens by injection molding, these specimens were used in the preliminary characterizations to evaluate the incorporation of pigments in HDPE before the production of filamento yarns continuous. The rest of the granules were used for the production of continuous filamento yarns, keeping the screw rotation speed and the filament pulling speed constant in all samples. Flow index measurements (MFI) were performed on pure HDPE granules and on mixtures of HDPE with pigments for the three proportions used. The results of the melt flow index (MFI) analysis had increasing values, unlike the results of the Shore D hardness analysis, which decreased, such behavior was an indication that the proportions of thermochromic pigments used promoted an increase in the mobility of the HDPE polymer chains, which which may have influenced a change in viscosity and an increase in MFI values. The photomicrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the injection molded specimens showed that the pigments maintained the spherical structure preserved within the polymer, maintaining its protected function. The images obtained from the specimens by digital camera showed the color change of pure HDPE from beige to orange and purple, as well as the color change to yellow and blue, respectively, when the samples were submitted to thermochromic activation temperature, the color change is reversible. The yarns obtained from the granules also acquired the thermochromic property and, through images taken with a digital camera, it was possible to identify the difference in color when the samples were exposed to 21°C and 45°C. The spectrophotometric analysis showed the change in reflectance spectra when these materials were exposed to these two temperatures, evidencing the color alteration caused by the structural alterations of the pigments. The uniaxial tensile results showed that the addition of the two types of thermochromic pigments, at the concentrations used, did not interfere in the mechanical properties of the HDPE polymer matrix, even as a result of the difference in size observed in the two types of pigments used. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) test showed that despite a slight difference in the surface roughness of the HDPE additives, the thermochromic pigment particles were incorporated into the matrix. It was concluded in this work that the optimal thermochromic addition composition is less than 0.5 wt.% and that these characteristics are not lost during melt processing and due to the high shear rate in injection molding processing.

Recently, polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers have been gaining prominence in the development of research, with the objective of replacing synthetic materials used in reinforcements. However, poor interfacial adhesion of natural fibers with the polymer matrix can negatively affect the mechanical and physical properties of composites. The APTES type silane coupling agent was applied to composites in order to promote better adhesion between the materials and consequently bring more satisfactory results to the mechanical and physical properties of polymeric matrix composites reinforced with residual sisal fiber powder. The objective of this work, then, is to investigate the influence of the addition of APTES in these composites, as well as the content of sisal powder and particle size.

The sewing process is one of the most important segments in the clothing industry, being an essential part of the assembly of most textile products through various industrial machines. Given the variety of machinery to meet the range of sewing operations existing in the confection, it is necessary to specify needles and thicknesses suitable for the pattern of the different fabrics on the market, aiming at the desired quality in the sewing. Therefore, it is extremely important to pay attention to the sewing machine needle, and its replacement is essential to have quality sewing; however, machine operators only do so when they perceive it to be badly damaged, bent, or when it breaks. . Needle wear is a problem faced by the sewing industries and understanding the causes of wear and applying this knowledge to reduce needle temperature during high sewing speed can bring greater benefits. This dissertation aimed to identify the types of needle wear in the sewing process and its possible causes. To carry out the present study, needles were collected in a micro-enterprise that manufactures clothing, two different sizes of needles were collected and 3 machines and 4 types of sewing processes were also considered. This selection aimed to study the influence of sewing parameters and fabric type on needle wear. The methodology consisted of three steps: a collection of needles in the factory environment, identifying the reasons that led the operator to replace them, the second step was a visual analysis, and the third the characterization of wear with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. In the visual analysis, damages such as rougher ("blunt") needle and needle breakage were identified, damages that justified the replacement of the needle. The operating time of each needle is an average of eight hours. Regarding the needle wear mechanisms, I observe a deformation in the needle tip, resulting in its flattening. There is also a widening of the needle eye due to wear caused by friction with the thread. There were signs of adhesion of materials to the surface of the needle.

Clothing aimed at professionals for carrying out their labor activities is called uniform. In the case of military clothing, it is the official symbol and representation of soldiers in the armed forces, expressing the values, tradition, hierarchy, and discipline in each of the institutions, as in the Military Police. Military clothing must perform the following main objectives to the users: protection from external factors, functionality for tasks, and identification; but also provide comfort. Due to its importance, there are scientific efforts in studies focused on this theme, mainly in the institutions of the armed forces. However, there are few studies on the functionality and comfort of uniforms used by the Military Police. This fact fosters a scenario of scarcity of knowledge about the characteristics of structural and ergonomic attributes of these uniforms, and their relationship in the different situations experienced by the PMs (climate, social, and work performance). Therefore, this research aims to characterize the structural, colorimetric, and mechanical properties of the Military Police uniforms in the Brazilian states: Minas Gerais (MG), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), and Santa Catarina (SC). It investigating how suitable they are for conjuncture of the PM's work activities, and analyzes the perception of the military police in the state of RN. For this, several tests were carried out on specimens from each state to characterize the structural, colorimetric, and mechanical properties; and PMRN agents were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire to investigate the perception of comfort, protection, and satisfaction of their uniforms. As a result, it was possible to verify structural similarity between the PMMG and PMSC uniforms, and some significant differences regarding the PMRN uniform; in the behavior of the tissues in the mechanical properties, the PMRN uniform obtained greater resistance and elongation; and the satisfactory performance in dry fastness and dry friction and unsatisfactory in wet friction fastness for the three uniforms. From the perspective of PMRN agents, they reported feeling dissatisfied and unprotected with the current uniform, having a negative perception in most aspects of comfort, protection, and satisfaction. Such results demonstrate that these garments are closer to conventional fabrics, and cannot be considered technical textiles and also do not meet the demands of the PM. Regarding the specific uniform of the PMRN, it is possible to indicate that it is not yet adequate and does not have functionalities and that there is a need for further studies and improvements to meet these aspects and ergonomic requirements.

The concern with a rapid healing of chronic wounds, such as those observed in skin lesions caused by Leishmania parasites, has become the reason for several study groups to develop high-performance dressings. This new approach to textile nanotechnology seeks to develop dressings that promote the controlled release of drugs directly to the wound site more quickly and effectively. This study aimed to develop nanofiber blends using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) technique, based upon the combination of the biopolymers Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Chitosan, with the incorporation of N-methyl-D-glucamine, the drug of choice for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Initially, a solution was prepared containing the concentration of 25% (w/v) and 75% (w/v) of Chitosan and PCL, respectively, diluted in 99.8% glacial acetic acid. In a second solution, under the same conditions described above, the drug N-methyl-D-glucamine at a concentration of 6.7% (w/v) was included. Both solutions were homogenized by stirring a magnetic bar for 24 hours at room temperature. After obtaining, the solutions were transferred to a syringe attached to the ejection pump to obtain the nanofiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to characterize the nanofibers. The release of NMDG from this new drug delivery system was analyzed using visible light spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The production process developed in this research allowed to obtain blending scaffolding by combining the biopolymers PCL and Chitosan, without and with the drug N-methyl-D-glucamine, using the solution blowing technique (SBS). From the SEM analysis, it was possible to observe significant differences in the mean diameter of the scaffolding blends, which showed values of 320.9 ± 93.5 nm in the nanofiber without drug and 365.8 ± 113.2 nm for the nanofiber with the drug (p <0.001). The FTIR characterization indicates in the fibers the presence of functional groups characteristic of each material used and produced, allowing to detect the incorporation of the drug with an increase of 6.2% in the transmittance of the nanofibers. The mixing of two polymers proved to be an effective technique to obtain a new material with desirable properties, which may be relevant to optimize drug incorporation the drug delivery, and targeting properties. The study also proved the effectiveness of the SBS technique for obtaining nanofibers with chitosan. Although in vitro biological activity studies are necessary to prove the biological application of nanofibers, our data point to the promising use of PCL / chitosan nanofibers incorporated with NMDG for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

This work proposes the use of textile structures made of meta-aramid fibers in an application of an environmental nature (forest fires), from a subtype of geotextile structures defined as sandbags. The model was developed, theoretically, with a basis for the development of prototypes / new products based on the confection DFSS (design for six sigma) though DMADV methodology and, experimentally, through circular knits composed of 100% meta-aramid yarns 18 and 27 tex. Each yarn count built individual knits and they were cut to dimensions of 15x10 cm and transformed into bags. The central purpose of the work is to analyze what happens with some performance parameters of these fibers and structures after being exposed in uncontrolled natural conditions and to base their application in macro character, from the model developed in the prototype.

The scientific and technological evolution of functional textiles has brought a high added value when compared to conventional textiles due to their ability to satisfactorily respond to different needs of their users in different areas such as health, protection and in the sports segment. This research has as objective the production of an antibacterial textile for application in the sports area, from the use of vegetal extracts that are natural and sustainable compounds that have been used in several sectors of the industry, because they have a diversity of properties, mainly, the biological, making them suitable for application in functional finishes in textile materials. The microemulsified system is a method of impregnation and an effective alternative for the solubilization of functional agents, and being thermodynamically stable, it is efficient for long-term use. In this case, for the development of this study it was necessary to obtain the extract of the leaves of Momordica charantia (EMC), as well as the production of the extract mother solution (SME) and its solubilization with different concentrations in a base microemulsion (M) that resulted in samples P1, P2 and P3. The SME sample was characterized by spectroscopy analysis in the infrared region by Fourier transform (FTIR) and critical micellar concentration (CMC). For microemulsions, the characterization techniques performed were: particle size, zeta potential, thermal stress, pH, electrical conductivity, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (MET) and antibacterial analyzes (Staphylococcus aureus, gram-positive), the latter was performed both at the EMC, and at the SME, and at the four microemulsion points. In summary to the proposed objective, EMC, SME and microemulsions P2 and P3 showed positive results against S. aureus, with the P3 microemulsified system being the most effective, with an inhibition halo of 12.5 mm. Therefore, the product developed in this research has potential for application in cationic fibers, promoting the development of functional textiles for the sports area.

The present study aims to study the photo degradation and performance impact properties for kevlar® fabrics impregnated with non-Newtonian fluids (FTS), composed of nanoSilica, PolyethyleneGlycol (PEG) and ethanol under different concentrations. The impregnation process was made by diffusion and fuorlardagem under kevlar® fabrics which were subsequently dried by raining (specifies time and temperature conditions). Initially, we performed a preliminary study, in which case the silane coupling agent was added to the FTS in order to study its influence mainly on the results of impact strength, adhesion and flexibility of impregnated Kevlar® layers. The results demonstrate that the addition of Silane coupling agent provides an increase in strength in the STF response. Reveals improved absorption of impact energy, as well, significant increase in adhesion and reduction in depth of penetration and flexibility. Those results demonstrates that the use of Silane coupling agent promotes greater improvement in the performance of the ballistic penetration resistance of the protective r the composite panels. Results obtained under different FTS compositions and the different orientation of the Kevlar fabric layers, showed that the performance of impact protection depends on the friction between threads, FTS adhesion, knife blade geometry and mainly the absorption and dissipation of the energy residual impact which in turn is directly to nanoparticulate content and consequently inversely proportional to the amount of PEG present in the FTS composition. However, in order to study the influence of the photodegradation phenomena, only the C3 sample was studied, which presented better results of impact performance and the control sample. It was expected that the STF impregnated samples would obtain greater resistance to photodegradation when compared to unimpregnated samples (control) and in which, consequently increased the shelf life of the STF impregnated on the Kevlar samples. The photodegradation resistance was evaluated by impact resistance using the Drop Tower and ballistic tests, spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM, respectivelly.

Essential oils (OEs) are natural products that have a wide range of applications, encompassing different areas of activity. Searching for researchers due to their properties, essential oils have different functions, such as repellency, analgesic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and therapeutic actions. Chitosan (QTS) as a biopolymer of great diversity has effective properties with antimicrobial activity and also chelating action for surface modifications of textile substrates. This is due to the presence of amine groups in their chemical structure, which when acetylated at pH acids become positively charged, giving rise to its chelating action and its surface modifying potential. This work was developed in the production of nanoemulsions using the ternary phase diagram study, to define the ideal setting of the desired formulations, using chitosan as aqueous phase (Fa), a non-ionic surfactant (T80) and the addition of the properties of two essential oils as oily phase (Fo) for the production of nanoemulsions. For the characterization of the essential oils of andiroba (OEA) and lemon grass (OCL) were verified its density, molecular weight and its acidity, saponification, iodine, peroxidation and refraction indices as well as its real antimicrobial capacity. Nanoemulsions, also called micellar systems, were characterized by pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity, zeta potential, DLS, temperature resistance and microbial activity. The nanoemulsion systems used in the functionalization of the 100% cotton fabric by the layer-by-layer method with the purpose of promoting specific functionalities to the textile materials. Functional tissues were characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis to confirm their surface modification and the presence of the characteristic groups of the NEOEs forming components. Their solidity was also analyzed, confirming the permanence and durability of the antimicrobial finishing in the tissues.

Biodegradable nonwovens based on Polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT) were prepared by solution casting technique in Chloroform. Nonwovens were obtained in the proportions of 20:80, 15:85 and 10:90 polymer and solvent. Non-solvent addition films were also formed: distilled water. The films were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Wettability, TG and DSC Thermal Analysis and Steam Permeation. Crystallographic peaks from both polymers were found and in the solutions containing the non-solvent it was also noted that the peak`s intensity were low. From FTIR, the bands corresponding to C-H, C=O, CH₂ e C-O for PBAT and C-H, C=O, CH_2, C-O, C-C e COC for PCL were identified. From SEM a dense morphology was visualized for the films obtained only with polymer. There was no major change in the morphology of the films with the presence of the non-solvent, in which the addition form and its dissolution time did not cause considerable modifications in the film morphology. By wettability tests was observed that the non-solvent has influence on the contact angle. Through Thermal Analysis, it was observed that the film, after processing, does not have significant traces of the solvent used, and it is possible to observe that the PCL has a lower thermal stability in relation to the PBAT. Besides, the addition of distilled water in the films did not cause significant changes in the thermal characteristics of the material. In relation to water vapor permeation, it can be said that for hydrophobic polymers, the results were satisfactory, indicating that they may be used in drug permeation. Therefore, biodegradable nonwoves were obtained and analysed

Non-woven fabrics were obtained using the phase inversion method using the solvent evaporation technique from Polyacid Lactic/Poly (Adipate Co-Terephthalate Butylene) blend (PLA/PBAT) and the incorporation of a compound composed of Calcipotriol Hydrate and Betamethasone Dipropionate. The incorporation method of the drug according to it dissolution time was evaluated and the nonwoven were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, water vapor transmission and wettability. In the superficial SEM, a predominantly dense structure was observed in all samples. When analyzing transversely, elongate inclusions, characteristic of the blends, were observed in the systems with pure polymer, and in the membranes with drug included, the image shows uniformly distributed pores. By DRX the characteristic peaks of PBAT and PLA in the pure membrane were visualized and after the incorporation of the drug there was an increase of the respective peaks, indicating the effectiveness of the incorporation. The FTIR analysis showed that the bands increased with the addition of the drug, demonstrating that the drug was incorporated into the PLA/PBAT matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of the drug decreased the thermal stability of the nonwoven, suggesting chemical interaction between the polymer and the drug. Wettability tests showed the presence of the drug alters the hydrophobicity of the system. From vapor transmission, a satisfactory flow was obtained, in accordance with the suggested need. Thus, the obtained non-woven fabrics are indicated so that they can be possibly used in a controlled drug delivery system.

Throughout the history of mankind, textiles performed various functions from protection to fashion. Globalization has had a big influence on the evolution of functional textiles for health protection. One of the effects of globalization is the demand for prevention of mosquito bites, which can cause an unpleasant sensation and transmit vector disease such as dengue, malaria and other diseases to mankind. For the WHO (World Health Organization), vector-borne diseases account for about 17% of all infectious diseases, leading to more than 1 million deaths each year. The lack of vaccines and methods to treat diseases makes sting prevention the most effective health protection. The application of mosquito repellents on the skin has limited protection effect. Based on this the WHO advises to treat the fabrics of clothing with repellent agents, as it is a very efficient way of avoiding mosquito bites. The substance that has been shown most efficiently in the mortality of disease transmitters is permethrin, which is an odorless and biodegradable synthetic insecticide derived from the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. It is the only one in its use as contact insecticide neural toxicity and as insect repellent and low toxicity in mamifers. The polyester fabric was the fiber used because the synthetic fibers are more than 55% of the products of the textile industry and exceed the production of natural fibers, in addition to the properties of high modulus and strength, stiffness, elasticity, resistance to wrinkling and abrasion , relatively low cost and ease of recycling. based on the low affinity between polyester and permethrin the process of surface modification by plasma was adopted, therefore, it is a clean and innovative technique to improve the quality of the product. The treatment of textile plasma is obtained by modifying the surface without modifying the basic properties of the materials. The process was carried out with the gases O², N² and mixture of 70/30 O² / N². With the objective of making chemical and physical changes in the surface of the textile material. Then a solution of 200g / l of permethrin in foulard was applied, followed by drying and polymerization. Part of the samples will be washed 10, 35 and 60 times for comparison with untreated samples on the efficiency of the process with respect to the anchoring of permethrin in the polyester fibers. Analyzes such as the XPS will evaluate the change in the chemical chains of the material, the FTIR will evaluate the maintenance of the permethrin in the fibers of the samples through the characteristic peaks. The SEM will evaluate the surface of the material. With this data it will be possible to identify and control each process and what its interference on the textile material.