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PPgET PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA TÊXTIL DIREÇÃO DO CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA Phone: (84) 99818-2142 E-mail: kesia.souto@ufrn.br https://posgraduacao.ufrn.br/textil

Dissertations/Thesis

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2025

	Dissertations
1	PEDRO PAULO ASSUNCAO PEREIRA MAURICIO OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZING A NEW NATURAL FIBER DERIVED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO CLAUDIVAN DA SILVA RAPHAEL LUCAS JACINTO ALMEIDA RUBENS CAPISTRANO DE ARAUJO Data: Feb 24, 2025 Show Abstract The search for alternative and environmentally friendly textile materials that meet the goals of the UN 2030 agenda for both processes and products has become increasingly frequent in recent years. Therefore, using upcycling to evaluate the potential of industrial waste in obtaining value-added textile materials is one of the most promising paths in scientific research and with a rich range of applications ranging from cosmetic textiles to medical textiles as well as a source of raw material to obtain new structures. Thus, this research analyzes the potential of a new natural textile fiber, derived from industrial fishing waste, as a promising option for the textile segment for technical and clothing applications. And with the specific objective of developing innovative products in yarn and fabric structures. To this end, microstructural characterization tests were carried out using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR), RAMAN Spectroscopy, thermal analysis of TGA/DTA and DSC, Classifiber, in addition to optical and scanning electron microscopy with field effect (SEM-FEG). The resistance test was also carried out in acid and base media, washing with non-ionic detergent to remove dirt present in the fibers and subsequently, its separation via the carding process. Em seguida, o material cardado foi submetido ao processo de formação de fita numa máquina Uster MDTA3, as fitas seguiram para o processo de fiação. Testes de resistência e alongamento foram realizados no fio produzido. Com o fio produziu-se a malha e com ela uma peça de vestuário tipo gorro. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a potencialidade destas novas fibras têxteis naturais derivada de resíduo industrial na obtenção de um fio de caráter inovador e sustentável, com aplicações em têxteis médicos e de vestuário.
2	BRISEIS GONÇALVES DE OLIVEIRA Incorporation of Pre-Consumer Cotton Textile Waste into Composite Materials for Application in the Fashion Industry Advisor : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE MAXWELL SANTANA LIBÓRIO NAYARA BEZERRA CARVALHO SALETE MARTINS ALVES Data: Apr 29, 2025 Show Abstract The textile and clothing industry, in addition to being one of the oldest and largest in the world, also stands out as one of the most profitable sectors. According to UNECE (2018), the sector showed one of the highest growth rates at the beginning of the 21st century. However, this growth has also made it one of the biggest global polluters, as the foundations of the industry are based on unsustainable environmental production and consumption practices. These practices directly and significantly impact the triple planetary crisis, which includes climate change, loss of nature and biodiversity, and, finally, pollution and waste.Textile waste from the fashion industry is a direct consequence of the linear economic production model, which promotes a cycle focused on extracting from nature, transforming into products, and discarding. This system is driven by fast fashion, the predominant model in the fashion industry, characterized by the rapid and large-scale production of clothing inspired by the latest trends. Due to the fleeting nature of fashion trends, consumers are encouraged to purchase frequently and in large quantities, resulting in an accelerated cycle of production and disposal. This production model is based on the use of cheap labor and low-quality raw materials to reduce production costs and maximize the profits of major department store companies.This research aims to present a technological alternative for reverse logistics by considering the socio-environmental and industrial relevance in an attempt to reintroduce this pre-consumer cotton textile waste into the textile manufacturing chain as a new value-added product. In this context, the present project aims to incorporate the mentioned waste into a polymeric matrix, thus obtaining a composite material for application in the fashion industry. The fabrication of the composite materials was carried out using two phase-inversion techniques: evaporation and immersion precipitation, to analyze which method achieved better physical properties.

2024

	Dissertations
1	FLÁVIA GLAUCE SILVA DE ALBUQUERQUE USE OF COTTON WASTE FROM THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY FOR SYNTHESIS OF CELLULOSE HYDROGEL Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE IRIS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA LUCIANI PAOLA ROCHA CRUZ BARROS RAPHAEL LUCAS JACINTO ALMEIDA Data: Apr 26, 2024 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Brazil is one of the largest cotton exporters in the world and one of the largest producers of 100% cotton textile products such as fibers, yarns, flat and knitted fabrics. The process of transforming these products involves a production chain made up of several links that generates major impacts on the environment. One of these negative impacts is the generation of textile waste produced throughout this process. These discarded waste are rich in cellulose, which is one of nature's most abundant natural polymers with important properties such as great absorption power, mechanical resistance, insolubility in water, elasticity and biodegradability. This absorption capacity is an important and essential characteristic for the development and manufacture of a biomaterial widely used today, the hydrogel. The hydrogel is a 3D polymeric network and its main characteristic is its great water absorption capacity, which is why it is widely used in biomedicine, agriculture and biotechnology for the release of drugs and tissue engineering. However, its manufacture today is mostly from synthetic materials, derived from petroleum or pure cellulose supplied by large chemical laboratories. Therefore, the objective of this work is to produce the hydrogel using the cellulose obtained from the elimination of cotton from the processing stage in the final finishing process using the sanding machine. To provide the hydrogel, the dispersion was initially distributed in proportions of NaOH/Urea with controlled temperature and time. This sample was then cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. This crosslinker was used because it is only released for dermatological purposes. The solution passed resulting from the post-treatment process by freezing and thawing to obtain the hydrogel. The material obtained was characterized in terms of its microstructure by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM-FEG as well as by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result achieved proves that the process of obtaining the hydrogel depends on the amount of cellulose, post-treatment and concentration of the crosslinking agent. It is therefore concluded that the use of cellulose exclusion from the textile industry has potential application in obtaining cellulose hydrogens.
2	PEDRO THIAGO DE LIMA Study of composites for ballistic protection manufactured with artisanal fabrics and fabrics reused from discarded ballistic vests. Advisor : EVANS PAIVA DA COSTA FERREIRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : EVANS PAIVA DA COSTA FERREIRA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS VIVIANE MUNIZ FONSECA JOÃO BATISTA DA SILVA WANDERLEY FERREIRA DE AMORIM JÚNIOR Data: Jul 31, 2024 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The present work studies the behavior of composite material with different weaving configurations when subjected to high-energy impact such as ballistic. Four plates were developed by a hand lay-up process using different para-aramid fabrics: Tela, Sarja, and Non-Woven Fabric (TNT). Three plates contain a single type of fabric. After preliminary shot tests on the first three plates and considering the tendency of individual behavior, we decided to manufacture the fourth plate containing a combination of sarja and TNT. We used the Tela fabric because it is an available product for application in the composite industry. Sarja was selected because it is an artisanal product developed in the weaving laboratory of the Department of Textile Engineering at UFRN as an alternative and comparative proposal to the material available on the market. We obtained the TNT fibers by dismantling the expired ballistic vest used by the Military Police of the State of Rio Grande do Norte as a source of non-woven fabric and quilted fibers. For each target plate submitted to the impact test, a single shot was fired at each plate using calibrated ammunition provided by the General Command of the Military Police of RN. The shots were fired by a qualified PM/RN shooter using the same weapon for all shots at a controlled shooting range and using .38 caliber SPL +P+, EXPO/SJHP ammunition produced by CBC. We extracted the projectile from its original case to initial deformation control. We shot another projectile on plasticine to capture its post-impact standard characteristic after ballistic impact. The impact energy utilized was approximately 360J on all plates, with the projectiles transfixing the three plates that used a single type of fabric. In the target plate combined with handmade Sarja and TNT from ballistic vest recycling, the projectile finished encapsulated inside the plate's laminate. The discussion of the four configurations of the laminated composite material for the present work analyzed the post-impact visual and microscopic appearance. Furthermore, we discuss the deformation behavior of the recovered projectile after impact on the target plates. After the final analysis, we noticed that the combination of sarja plus TNT fabrics suggests that the study presents evidence that the material from the expired ballistic vest can be recycled, providing fibers for use in ballistic shields, bringing new applications and over life to its materials.
3	LUIZ FELIPE OLIVEIRA DE MOURA Use of Coffee Grounds for the Mitigation of Environmental Contaminants from the Textile Industry Advisor : TATIANA DE CAMPOS BICUDO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : HELOISE OLIVEIRA MEDEIROS DE ARAÚJO MOURA KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA LUCIENE DA SILVA SANTOS TATIANA DE CAMPOS BICUDO VALQUIRIA APARECIDA DOS SANTOS RIBEIRO Data: Dec 27, 2024 Show Abstract The environmental impacts resulting from processes in the textile industry have driven the development of techniques and products aimed at reducing environmental contamination, particularly through effluents. In this context, the use of alternative filters has gained attention. This study proposes the utilization of spent coffee grounds as natural filters with the capacity to adsorb dye particles and certain chemical compounds present in industrial effluents. The coffee grounds will be evaluated both in their raw form and as ashes obtained through calcination at temperatures of 200°C, 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C. The samples will be analyzed and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Stereoscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, allowing for the determination of the composition and properties of the materials under study. Furthermore, an adsorption evaluation will be conducted for acid, disperse, and reactive blue dyes commonly found in textile effluents. The creation of a product derived from residual biomass offers an innovative, cost-effective, and impactful solution, particularly within the industrial sector.

2023

	Dissertations
1	TÂNIA EVYLLYN DIAS DA SILVA DEVELOPMENT OF RECYCLED PET/WOVEN PET BLEND FOR TEXTILE APPLICATIONS Advisor : EDSON NORIYUKI ITO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : EDSON NORIYUKI ITO KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA IRIS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA JOSÉ KAIO MAX ALVES DO RÊGO Data: Mar 31, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Plastic consumption has generated some environmental problems such as contamination of the environment. Plastic waste resulting from inappropriate disposal, due to its characteristics, mainly due to its form factor, has led to an increase in the mortality of life in rivers and seas. In light of these problems, it is necessary to develop actions that reduce these impacts, such as the recycling of these materials and the use of circular economy, which exposes a concern regarding the life cycle of products and their applications. The work aimed to develop a filament applicable in the textile industry, resulting from the combination of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETR) from bottle grade and woven PET (PETT) from the clothing industry. The PETR/PETT binary blend with and without the use of ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EMA-GMA) as a chain-extending agent was plasticized and homogenized in a twin screw extruder with d = 16 mm and l/d = 40, varying the compositions in 10 wt% of PETT in PETR until the composition fo 100 wt% of PETT and, using 3 wt% of EMA-GMA in the formulations of these mixtures. After the production of polymeric mixtures, rheological characterizations were carried out by melt flow index (MFI) measurements, thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), physicochemical characterization by X-ray fluorescence (FRX), mechanical characterization by uniaxial tensile and, morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous work showed that the EMA-GMA copolymer showed evidences of reaction with PET and the results of the characterizations in this work corroborated the results obtained previously. The MFI and tensile test results corroborated the optimization and definition of the best compositions to be processed in the single screw extruder with d = 16 mm and l/d = 26, aiming at the production of continuous filaments. Through the MFI evaluated the fluidity as a function of temperature and the flow stability of the polymeric mixtures and, the results of tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity showed the materials that presented the best results to be selected and used in the production of textile filaments. FRX analysis performed on PETT identified the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is used as a white pigment in clothes. The photomicrographs obtained by SEM showed phase separation between the two types of PET, recycled bottle grade and woven. The pure polymers were processed under the same conditions, having the same thermal history and were used as a reference for the final quality of the filaments produced from the polymeric mixtures. The results of the characterizations showed that the mixtures with 60, 70 and 90 wt% of PETT were the materials that presented the best results to be applied in the manufacture of textile filaments and, finally, measurements of the titration and measurements of the thickness of these textile filaments by SEM were carried out.
2	MATHEUS GOMES SANTIAGO THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON AND POLYESTER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF THE YARN PAMP 65/35 NE=36/1 Advisor : MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS MOISES VIEIRA DE MELO RUBENS CAPISTRANO DE ARAUJO Data: Apr 7, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract ABSTRACT The art of spinning is such an ancient and important tradition in today's world that it has been industrialized to this day. Its end result is yarn, whose product is obtained from natural and synthetic fibers, or their various types of mixtures. A good quality yarn has certain characteristics that differentiate it from others. An important characteristic is its minimal effect on the formation of pilling or small “balls” of intertwined fibers, also known as neps. Faced with this concern, we decided to develop this research, with the objective of knowing the influence of the physical properties of cotton and polyester on the quality of PAMP 65/35 Ne=36/1 yarn. Thus, it was possible to graphically describe the behavior of the physical properties of cotton and polyester, such as percentage of impurities, percentage of short fibers, fiber fineness and length within the production cycle. This research was carried out in partnership with a Company with a data collection an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was applied, also applying processing and analysis of the information was carried out using the significance value (Sig) for the hypothesis test and the coefficient of Spearman correlation (Rho). It was concluded that with the contrast of the results obtained with other similar studies, a great similarity and a good contribution of the work to the textile industry can be found.
3	CRISLAYNE FELIPE CAMPOS USE OF FUNCTIONALIZED CALOTROPIS PROCERA FIBER FOR ADSORPTION OF DYE FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENTS Advisor : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ANDRÉA FERNANDA DE SANTANA COSTA FABRÍCIO MAESTÁ BEZERRA JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA Data: Jun 7, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The present study used Calotropis procera fiber as a natural adsorbent for the reactivedye present in textile effluents. The justification for choosing this dye was due to itswide use in dyeing processes on cotton substrates. Due to the lack of affinity of the fiberwith water, the fiber was submitted to a functionalization with chitosan, aiming at abetter adsorption and interaction between fiber and effluent. The adsorbents used, forthe most part, are not biodegradable, which is currently not interesting for theenvironment, the current search is for environmentally friendly materials. TheCalotropis fiber was selected due to its high predominance in the northeast region ofBrazil, because it is considered a weed and because it has internal voids that help in theadsorption process, in addition to being biodegradable. The use of chitosan as afunctionalizing agent is justified by its non-toxicity, biocompatibility andbiodegradability. The fiber characteristics were evaluated with the aid of SEM, FTIRand XRD analysis. The effluent was characterized through the environmentalparameters of pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and UV-Visabsorbance, these analyzes were performed before and after contact with the fiber. TheSEM analyzes demonstrated that Calotropis has a smooth surface, without convolutionsand internally hollow, even after its functionalization, the infrared analyzes indicatedthe presence of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. The adsorption efficiency was analyzedusing the effluent generated by dyeing with reactive dye BLUE BG-R CONC, obtaininga removal of 100%. The results showed that Calotropis procera functionalized withchitosan is suitable for the adsorption of reactive dye, being a simple alternative,environmentally correct, being a potential method for removing color from textileeffluents, contributing to the preservation of the environment.
4	ERIADNA GOMES DA SILVA MARTINS DEGRADATION OF FULL-BODY HARNESSES AGAINST FALLS AFTER USE BY ACTIVITY FIELDS. Advisor : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA FAGNER ALEXANDRE NUNES DE FRANCA FERNANDA STEFFENS Data: Aug 24, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Full-body harnesses are used as protective equipment in order to minimize the consequences of high falls and require good mechanical properties to provide the necessary protection to the user. There are few studies about the characterization of used full-body harnesses in order to identify and quantify the loss of degradation after its usage time. Previous studies showed those protective equipments lose their protective properties during service life, caused by several destructive factors as well as UV, dust, chemicals, temperature changes and humidity, as direct contact with sharp objects and rough surfaces. The objective of this work is to present degradations found in full-body harnesses after use, relating these defects to the types of activity to which they were exposed. The methodology used is based on the use of full body harnesses samples against falls used by workers in several companies, performing a visual inspection, characterization of textile materials, static and dynamic tests on said samples. The results confirm several types of degradation found in previous research and demonstrate that most of the defects found are related to corrosion of metallic elements (90%), dirt (50%), and wear on the tapes (20%). In those samples collected in industry, a greater diversity of defects and dirt were found, while in civil construction only dirts from cement was found. In the energy and telecommunications sectors, defects were found in dorsal support elements and in the legs, in addition to wear on the tapes in 80% of the samples, which may be related to the daily frequency of use of Personal Protective Equipments to climb stairs and poles. Finally, all used full body harnesses against falls studied were approved in dynamic tests, but there was a loss of resistance of 3.46%, proven through static resistance tests.
5	ANDREZA BERNARDES DA SILVA TiO2 QUANTUM DOTS: AN INNOVATIVE NANOMATERIAL FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS FUNCTIONALIZATION Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE CARLA MANUELA PEREIRA MARINHO DA SILVA ELISAMA VIEIRA DOS SANTOS JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO NIVALDO FREIRE DE ANDRADE NETO PIERRE BASILIO ALMEIDA FECHINE Data: Oct 13, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The UN's 2030 agenda aims to achieve this sustainability through 17 objectives, namely: industry, innovation and infrastructure; clean water and sanitation. In this sense, it is necessary to search for sustainable materials, in particular, to act in the treatment of water in the textile industry, which is one of the largest consumers of water in its chemical processes and with a low reuse rate and, consequently, generating a high load. of polluting effluents. Thus, nanomaterials are widely studied and used for applications that minimize this problem. One of the applications is via photocatalysis processes, due to the high efficiency of these nanostructures due to their surface area, such as: TiO2, ZnO and other semiconductors. Other emerging nanomaterials are nanoparticles with reduced size in the range of 1-10 nanometers, which, due to their size, undergo quantum confinement and are therefore called quantum dots. The main problem involving TiO2 quantum dots is the agglomeration of particles in the medium, which makes their use in photocatalysis complex, since a secondary treatment is necessary to recover it. In this proposed study, the objective was to evaluate the applicability of TiO2 quantum dots (TiO2 PQs) immobilized in textile fibers for potential photocatalytic application. The synthesis of PQs TiO2 was performed via solgel and in the first stage of this study, immobilized on soybean fibers by the layer-by-layer method using chitosan as a cationizing agent. The photocatalytic evaluation was carried out using a concentration variation (2 to 8 ppm) of rhodamine B. In the second study, a Box-Behken-type factorial design was used where the variables: TiO2/Au ratio (%), temperature, time and pH of the immobilization solution, having as response variable, the photodegradation of the reactive dye black 5 (C26H25N5O19S6), one of the most used dyes in the textile industry. Soybean and polyamide fabric samples were characterized for their microstructural properties using XRD, XPS, HRTEM-SAED, SEM-FEG as well as colorimetric analyses. The results prove that the obtained quantum dots present a tetragonal crystalline structure, corresponding to the anatase phase, with a size approaching 6 nm. The results of the photocatalysis of the functionalized soy fiber showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency, degrading 2 ppm of Rhb in 120 minutes, with durability of up to 5 cycles of reuse, with a loss of approximately 10% of its photocatalytic efficiency. The polyamide fabric nanocoated with PQs TiO2/Au, presented an efficiency of approximately 100% of photodegradation of 20 ppm of the RB5 dye, in 240 minutes and with reuse stability in 5 consecutive cycles. Therefore, the application of quantum dots in textile fibers as functionalization agents is a promising way to obtain flexible surfaces with excellent photocatalytic properties.
6	WANLÍDIA FERNANDES DE ARAÚJO BENEVIDES Hydrophobic functionalization on polyester fabrics by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) Advisor : THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KLEIBER LIMA DE BESSA MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR PETTESON LINNIKER CARVALHO SERRA THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA Data: Oct 27, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Cold plasma, an ionized gas mixture with a temperature close to room temperature, can be safely used for treatments on textile substrate surfaces. Plasma treatment can modify textile surfaces, forming superhydrophobic nanometric structures that result in self-cleaning materials. Despite having a hydrophilic nature, polyester textiles inherently exhibit certain levels of hydrophobicity in their fibers. With the aim of further enhancing the water repellency of the polyester textile substrate, nanometric carbon-rich films were deposited using the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique on small fabric samples, using Xylene (C8H10) and Acetylene (C2H2) as vapor sources, and varying the deposition time. Initially, the samples were treated with acetylene alone, with treatment times set at 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The second treatment was carried out using acetylene and xylene, with the same time variations (10, 15, and 20 minutes). Other parameters such as power, flow, temperature, current, and voltage were determined based on the time variations. After the treatment, the samples were subjected to characterizations and evaluated through different experimental techniques, such as water and oil contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results obtained indicated that there was polymerization on the fabric surface, creating an ultra-thin carbon-based layer. This layer was composed of apolar groups, which were responsible for providing hydrophobic functionalities to the polyester samples while maintaining oil absorption, even under all treatment conditions.
7	DEBORA FONTES PINTO PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOFIBROUS MATTERS OF COLLAGEN OBTAINED FROM THE SKIN OF TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) PRODUCED BY BLOW SPINNING IN SOLUTION Advisor : THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR MURILO JOSE PEREIRA DE MACEDO THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA WALDENICE DE ALENCAR MORAIS LIMA Data: Oct 30, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The ever increasing demand for research and development of new materials and technologies that can be applied to health is imperative, especially in tissue engineering. The materials and dressings that support wound healing currently on the market are a significant source of non-renewable waste disposal. However, research involving nanotechnology, more sustainable textile finishes, and biodegradable raw materials, with lower cost and environmental impact, is still quite limited, pointing to the need for research and investments in the area. This work aims to contribute to developing porous nanofibrous structures that can be made through cleaner and more efficient techniques, later serving to develop dressings, scaffolds, and extracellular growth matrices. The use of biodegradable, bioabsorbable, and biocompatible polymers, using hydrolyzed collagen extracted from tilapia skin as raw material and blankets produced by solution blow spinning, are proposed alternatives with less environmental impact and functional optimization.
8	RAYANE SAORY MEDEIROS DOS SANTOS ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICULES DEPOSITION IN COTTON FABRIC VIA CATHODIC CYLINDRES PLASMA Advisor : MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR MICHELLE DE MEDEIROS AIRES THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA IGOR OLIVEIRA NASCIMENTO THARSIA CRISTIANY DE CARVALHO COSTA Data: Oct 30, 2023 Show Abstract The treatment of textile articles with zinc oxide has emerged as a noteworthy technique due to its capacity to confer diverse attributes upon the substrate, thereby enabling the realization of specific technical applications. These applications encompass photocatalysis, antibacterial effects, shielding against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity. The direct deposition onto textile materials via plasma represents a promising avenue, notably due to its avoidance of water and the utilization of environmentally hazardous chemical reagents. The principal objective of this research is to effectuate the deposition of zinc oxide nanoparticles onto cotton fabric through plasma processes and subsequently analyze the bactericidal and photocatalytic activities. The cylindrical cathode deposition is a contemporary technique used in this study, whereupon insert zinc oxide compacted cyliderns in the cathodic cage onto plasma reactor. In light of the susceptibility of textile materials to elevated temperatures, cotton fabric samples are positioned externally to the cathode cage, within the reactor’s flange. The study explore of the influence of argon, hydrogen, and an gas mixture over varying treatment durations (1 and 2 hours). The treated samples was analyzed to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Metilen Blue Photocatalysis and the bacterial activity analysis by Antibiogram and Violet Crystal. The presence of zinc is not found via XRD analysis, but is demonstrable through EDS, with notably higher proportions detected in samples treated exclusively with hydrogen. The visualization of nanoparticle presence via SEM is precluded due to limitations associated with the utilized magnification scale, because a higher scale damages the fabric cotton. All treated samples exhibits methylene blue degradation, with the most pronounced effect observed in the instance of samples treated solely with hydrogen gas over 2 hour. Crystal violet assays and antibiogram testing was carried on cultures of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Resistent Carbapenemase Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (KPC+), representing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria classifications of paramount concern, as identified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Crystal violet assays manifest inhibition of bacterial proliferation across all samples, save for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the fabric treated exclusively with argon gas over a 2 hour interval. The most notable inhibition is in the case of Staphylococcus Aureus, achieving an approximate 40% reduction in growth within fabrics treated solely with hydrogen gas. Antibiogram reveals the formation of a well-defined inhibition zone in the sample subjected to hydrogen gas treatment for 2 hours, while a modest inhibition zone is also observed in instances of hydrogen gas treatment for 1 hour and the gas mixture treatment over a 2 hour duration. The results of this study indicate the formation of a thin film on the cotton fabric surface with photocatalytic and antibacterial effects, particularly effective against gram-positive bacterial strains.
9	SUZANNA RANI CRISTINA ALVES DE SOUSA SYNTHESIS OF HYBRID MEMBRANE OF POLYSUPHONE WITH ZINC OXIDE FOR CLEANING TEXTILE EFFLUENTS Advisor : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE FABRÍCIO MAESTÁ BEZERRA KALINE MELO DE SOUTO VIANA KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA Data: Nov 8, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Due to the large volume of effluents from the textile industry, which causesenvironmental contamination of water bodies, it is necessary to take treatmentmeasures for the reuse or correct disposal of these effluents. The objective of thiswork is to produce a polysulfone (PSU) and zinc oxide (ZnO) membrane fordecontamination of textile effluents from the dyeing stage. To produce pure andhybrid membranes, the phase inversion technique was used. The membranesproduced were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. The results of the diffractogram of themembranes showed peaks characteristic of the PSU. The spectrum in the infraredregion of the hybrid membranes showed characteristic polysulfone bandssuperimposed on the characteristic ZnO bands. The membranes will also becharacterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis andtested for their applicability in cleaning synthetic textile effluent for efficiencyevaluation, given the bactericidal properties presented by ZnO.
10	ISABELA SILVA SAMPAIO Development of a nonwoven based on kapok fiber and PVAc Advisor : SALETE MARTINS ALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SALETE MARTINS ALVES IRIS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA RAUL MANUEL ESTEVES DE SOUSA FANGUEIRO Data: Nov 15, 2023 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The use of synthetic materials to manufacture surgical mask filters is extremely common in the textile industry. However, with the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials, there is great interest in using these materials in nonwovens. Therefore, the objective of this project is to develop a kapok and PVAc nonwoven fabric and evaluate its effectiveness as a filtering material for PFF masks. A 1:4 solution of distilled water to PVAc was prepared by stirring for 15 minutes, then impregnated and sprayed onto the different mats formed. The filters were consolidated by pressing for 24 hours and dried at 60°C for 2 hours. Chitosan was also added to some samples to evaluate the bacterial effect of its insertion, aiming to guarantee effectiveness in nationally approved tests. However, the results showed that only kapok and PVAc nonwovens had positive responses in inhibiting bacterial proliferation, while other nonwovens made of kapok, PVAc and chitosan had no effect. Air permeability and grammage tests were also carried out in the laboratory with satisfactory results for all filters. It can be seen that the greater the amount of kapok fiber, the greater the resistance of the nonwovens, and that low resistance is associated with high elongation. Analyzes such as XRD, FTIR and SEM-FEG were also carried out to observe the morphology and structure of the developed materials.

2022

	Dissertations
1	ARTHUR FELIPE MATIAS ALVES RECYCLED PET/COTTON FIBERS WASTE/MONTMORILLONITE CLAY HYBRID COMPOSITE FOR TECHNICAL TEXTILE APPLICATIONS Advisor : EDSON NORIYUKI ITO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ADRIANO LINCOLN ALBUQUERQUE MATTOS EDSON NORIYUKI ITO IRIS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA JUCIKLÉCIA DA SILVA REINALDO Data: Feb 7, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Hybrid composite materials have been developed with the aim of meeting the needs of the market in order to expand the range of applications, as they provide varied properties according to the combined action of the loads used. The objective of this work was to process and characterize recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) matrix composites (PETrec), using as fillers: waste from the brushing process of textile beneficiation (RE) and montmorillonite clay (MMT), and, syntheses of silver nanoparticles dispersed in montmorillonite clay were carried out to evaluate the silver-clay-polymer interaction, and also, the interfacial compatibilization agents were used, the ethylene - butyl acrylate - glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EBGMA) and the ethylene – methyl acrylate – glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA). All the formulations studied went through a processing step in a single screw extruder for the incorporation of the loads, then the materials were processed in a twin screw extruder for dispersion and homogenization of the polymer composites and, later, the materials were molded by injection and were plasticization for the manufacture of textile filaments in a single screw extruder. Preliminary characterizations were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the PETrec and RE samples, evaluating their properties, compositions and length of the cellulose fibers. After processing, the formulations were characterized by measurements of flow index (MFI), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Shore D hardness, mechanical behavior under uniaxial tension, titration, analysis by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MFI results showed that the addition of the fillers: RE and MMT, and the compatibilizers: EBGMA and EMA-GMA, as well as the addition of MMT-Ag in the PETrec matrix reduced the fluidity, that is, it increased the viscosity of the polymer composites. The results of X-ray diffraction of composites with montmorillonite clay, as well as the simultaneous addition of different charges in the formation of hybrid composites, and the addition of compatibilizing agents and, as well as silver, showed evidence of intercalation and exfoliation of the lamellae of the clay in polymer nanocomposites. Shore D hardness tests did not show significant variations with the addition of different loads and interfacial compatibilizers. The results of tensile tests of the specimens showed that the RE did not change the properties under tension, and the MMT and MMT-Ag increased the maximum strength of the polymer composite. The use of EMA-GMA increased maximum strength and elongation at break when compared to EBGMA. It was concluded that the use of fillers: RE, MMT and MMT-Ag, as well as the use of: EBGMA and EMA-GMA, favored the use of these materials for applications in the textile area.
2	CARLA LAIZE DOS SANTOS CRUZ DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYETHYLENE FILAMENT YARNS WITH THERMOCHROMIC PROPERTY FOR TEXTILE APPLICATIONS Advisor : EDSON NORIYUKI ITO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : EDSON NORIYUKI ITO ERIK DOS SANTOS SILVA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS JUCIKLÉCIA DA SILVA REINALDO Data: Mar 21, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The aim of this work was to develop a continuous filament of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with thermochromic property, for applications in textile materials. For this, two types of thermochromic pigments, in orange and purple, both with color change at a temperature of 31°C, were mixed with HDPE during extrusion processing to obtain a filament at melt state, and the proportions used of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% of pigments. The photomicrographs obtained from the pigment powders showed that the materials had a spherical morphology. To identify the activation temperature of the pigments, the powders were subjected to heating, where the thermochromic transition temperature could be identified and the images were obtained in a digital camera, showing the differences in colors at 21°C and 45°C. After the mixing process by extrusion and granulation of all samples, part of the granules was used to mold specimens by injection molding, these specimens were used in the preliminary characterizations to evaluate the incorporation of pigments in HDPE before the production of filamento yarns continuous. The rest of the granules were used for the production of continuous filamento yarns, keeping the screw rotation speed and the filament pulling speed constant in all samples. Flow index measurements (MFI) were performed on pure HDPE granules and on mixtures of HDPE with pigments for the three proportions used. The results of the melt flow index (MFI) analysis had increasing values, unlike the results of the Shore D hardness analysis, which decreased, such behavior was an indication that the proportions of thermochromic pigments used promoted an increase in the mobility of the HDPE polymer chains, which which may have influenced a change in viscosity and an increase in MFI values. The photomicrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the injection molded specimens showed that the pigments maintained the spherical structure preserved within the polymer, maintaining its protected function. The images obtained from the specimens by digital camera showed the color change of pure HDPE from beige to orange and purple, as well as the color change to yellow and blue, respectively, when the samples were submitted to thermochromic activation temperature, the color change is reversible. The yarns obtained from the granules also acquired the thermochromic property and, through images taken with a digital camera, it was possible to identify the difference in color when the samples were exposed to 21°C and 45°C. The spectrophotometric analysis showed the change in reflectance spectra when these materials were exposed to these two temperatures, evidencing the color alteration caused by the structural alterations of the pigments. The uniaxial tensile results showed that the addition of the two types of thermochromic pigments, at the concentrations used, did not interfere in the mechanical properties of the HDPE polymer matrix, even as a result of the difference in size observed in the two types of pigments used. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) test showed that despite a slight difference in the surface roughness of the HDPE additives, the thermochromic pigment particles were incorporated into the matrix. It was concluded in this work that the optimal thermochromic addition composition is less than 0.5 wt.% and that these characteristics are not lost during melt processing and due to the high shear rate in injection molding processing.
3	JÔNATA SILVA DO NASCIMENTO ANDRADE Tribological Analysis on Knitting Needles Applied In Circular Loom Advisor : MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : ALEXANDRE JOSÉ SOUSA FERREIRA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO MOISES VIEIRA DE MELO Data: Apr 18, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Knitted textile structures are widely used by mankind. Its softness, elasticity, and good fit ensure comfort for those who use it. Its production takes place in machines equipped with a mechanical sliding system, where needles fit into slots (thin slots) and slide over them in an alternating motion, so that it is possible to form loops. This sliding system naturally causes wear on the needles and grooves, which makes it necessary to replace these parts over time. Although wear is directly related to the knitting process, it is difficult to find information in the literature related to the behavior and durability of needles. This work consists of a tribological study of knitting needles, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the wear mechanism that occurs in this fundamental part for knitting. To analyze the wear on the needle shaft, a mechanical adaptation was made in a machine that simulates wear on fabrics, so that a tribological pair was formed between the needle shaft and an eccentric, of the same model used in circular looms. Needles were separated and subjected to the following tests: 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 dry cycles, with Silvertex 32B oil lubrication (for looms) and with Silvertex 32B oil lubrication + metal conditioner, at a single speed of 135 cycles per minute. The temperature was monitored by means of a thermocouple fixed near the friction region. The samples will be analyzed by microscope and MEV/EDS imaging to make a comparison of each tribological pair. To analyze the wear on the needle head, a small bench will be set up with the objective of continuously passing yarn below the needle hook, simulating in an accelerated manner the friction the yarn causes on the hook during successive loop formations on a loom. Yarns of different compositions were used and their wear on the hook analyzed by microscope and MEV/EDS images.
4	KÁTIA MOREIRA DE MELO SISAL RESIDUE: A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE AS A PARTICLE REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITE WITH ADDITION OF SILANE AGENT Advisor : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO FRANCISCO CLAUDIVAN DA SILVA FERNANDA STEFFENS Data: May 24, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract Recently, polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers have been gaining prominence in the development of research, with the objective of replacing synthetic materials used in reinforcements. However, poor interfacial adhesion of natural fibers with the polymer matrix can negatively affect the mechanical and physical properties of composites. The APTES type silane coupling agent was applied to composites in order to promote better adhesion between the materials and consequently bring more satisfactory results to the mechanical and physical properties of polymeric matrix composites reinforced with residual sisal fiber powder. The objective of this work, then, is to investigate the influence of the addition of APTES in these composites, as well as the content of sisal powder and particle size.
5	WILKA DA SILVA CAMBOIM Nanoparticulate of Eplingiella fruticosa essential oil: a potential alternative for bioactive textiles Advisor : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO RENATA MENDONÇA ARAUJO CÁTIA GUARACIARA FERNANDES TEIXEIRA ROSSI FABRÍCIO MAESTÁ BEZERRA Data: May 31, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The use of plants in popular medicine has contributed significantly to the prevention, treatment, and cure of diseases. An example of such plants is the Eplingiella fruticosa (Lamiaceae), popularly known as “alecrim-de-vaqueiro”, a native shrub from Brazil’s northeastern region, with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Although this plant is known in popular medicine, there is little scientific investigation on this subject, which has led to the development of research in order to discover and prove what bioactive activities related to this plant act on diseases. These actions motivated the necessity to carry out this research, focusing on the use of essential oil (EO). This study aimed to test the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of the Eplingiella fruticosa (“Alecrim-do-vaqueiro” Essential Oil, AVEO) and its potential application by microemulsion system (MS) for the development of functional textiles. The essential oil has mainly displayed the following components: 1.8 - Cineole (29.15%), β-Caryophyllene (12.57%), cis - calamenene (8.71%), and β-Pinene (4.86%). The formulated AVMS (“Alecrim de Vaqueiro” Microemulsion System) is composed of Tween 80 surfactant, E. fruticosa essential oil, and water; it has physicochemical properties of pH = 5, droplet diameter of 12.5 nm, prolidispersion index of 0.22, and resistance to thermal stress up to 95°C. In the research, 3 microorganisms were tested: the yeast Candida albicans showed to be sensitive, while the bacterias S. aureus and E. coli showed low sensitivity when in contact with the AVEO. For the antioxidant activity evaluated by the method of Total Antioxidant Capacity, the encapsulation by the Microemulsion System (AVMS) increased the antioxidant activity threefold when compared to the free AVEO. Therefore, the AVMS presents itself as a biodegradable system and does not pose risks to human health and the environment, and the AVEO has antioxidant and antifungal action against C. albicans, which makes these two potential products to be used in the textile, cosmetotextile, and biomedical industrial areas.
6	ARTHUR LEVI DA COSTA BEZERRA Analyze of needle wear process in the sewing process Advisor : SALETE MARTINS ALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JEFFERSON MENDES DE SOUZA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS SALETE MARTINS ALVES Data: Aug 18, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract The sewing process is one of the most important segments in the clothing industry, being an essential part of the assembly of most textile products through various industrial machines. Given the variety of machinery to meet the range of sewing operations existing in the confection, it is necessary to specify needles and thicknesses suitable for the pattern of the different fabrics on the market, aiming at the desired quality in the sewing. Therefore, it is extremely important to pay attention to the sewing machine needle, and its replacement is essential to have quality sewing; however, machine operators only do so when they perceive it to be badly damaged, bent, or when it breaks. . Needle wear is a problem faced by the sewing industries and understanding the causes of wear and applying this knowledge to reduce needle temperature during high sewing speed can bring greater benefits. This dissertation aimed to identify the types of needle wear in the sewing process and its possible causes. To carry out the present study, needles were collected in a micro-enterprise that manufactures clothing, two different sizes of needles were collected and 3 machines and 4 types of sewing processes were also considered. This selection aimed to study the influence of sewing parameters and fabric type on needle wear. The methodology consisted of three steps: a collection of needles in the factory environment, identifying the reasons that led the operator to replace them, the second step was a visual analysis, and the third the characterization of wear with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. In the visual analysis, damages such as rougher ("blunt") needle and needle breakage were identified, damages that justified the replacement of the needle. The operating time of each needle is an average of eight hours. Regarding the needle wear mechanisms, I observe a deformation in the needle tip, resulting in its flattening. There is also a widening of the needle eye due to wear caused by friction with the thread. There were signs of adhesion of materials to the surface of the needle.
7	RELLYSON PAULO DE SOUSA EFFICIENCY OF PARTICLE FILTERING IN TEXTILE FABRICS USED IN HOMEMADE FACE MASKS Advisor : TATIANA DE CAMPOS BICUDO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : BRENNO HENRIQUE SILVA FELIPE FRANCISCO CLAUDIVAN DA SILVA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS TATIANA DE CAMPOS BICUDO Data: Sep 29, 2022 Ata de defesa assinada: Show Abstract This scientific study aims to evaluate the filtering efficiency of particles in different textile fabrics used to produce homemade face masks, and compare them with face protection masks already on the market. The efficiency of twelve types of masks for non-professional use, produced from TNT (Non Woven Fabric) with different weights, 100% cotton fabric and mesh, was evaluated and compared with commercial N95/PFF2/surgical masks. The masks were made with double and triple layers of fabric, in order to analyze the effect and suitability of hybrid multilayer approaches for homemade masks, in order to establish a more efficient combination between the materials studied. The samples produced were characterized via weight analysis and the correlation between the permeability of textile fabrics and their retention power of aerosol particles were evaluated through the absorption of various sizes of monodisperse aerosol spheres by the Particle Filtration Efficiency test. Salt (EFS). These results were compared with the reference results of commercial masks with a particulate filter, which meet the N95 standard. For each tissue analyzed, the types of substrate, weight and number of layers were factors that significantly influenced the filtration efficiency (EF) of aerosol particles and may be related to protection against particles that transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus. . Homemade face protection masks produced with tricoline fabric and 100% cotton mesh showed EF below 60% for a particle size of 10 nm. On the other hand, TNT masks with different layers showed EF greater than 80% compared to hospital surgical masks, N95 and PFF2 S. Therefore, homemade masks provide less protection for the population, but their use can prevent against the high transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the disease COVID-19, as well as other viruses.

2021

	Dissertations
1	LUCAS GOMES MIRANDA BISPO Military police uniform: adequability, functionality and ergonometry. Advisor : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO JOÃO BATISTA DA SILVA Data: Mar 2, 2021 Show Abstract Clothing aimed at professionals for carrying out their labor activities is called uniform. In the case of military clothing, it is the official symbol and representation of soldiers in the armed forces, expressing the values, tradition, hierarchy, and discipline in each of the institutions, as in the Military Police. Military clothing must perform the following main objectives to the users: protection from external factors, functionality for tasks, and identification; but also provide comfort. Due to its importance, there are scientific efforts in studies focused on this theme, mainly in the institutions of the armed forces. However, there are few studies on the functionality and comfort of uniforms used by the Military Police. This fact fosters a scenario of scarcity of knowledge about the characteristics of structural and ergonomic attributes of these uniforms, and their relationship in the different situations experienced by the PMs (climate, social, and work performance). Therefore, this research aims to characterize the structural, colorimetric, and mechanical properties of the Military Police uniforms in the Brazilian states: Minas Gerais (MG), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), and Santa Catarina (SC). It investigating how suitable they are for conjuncture of the PM's work activities, and analyzes the perception of the military police in the state of RN. For this, several tests were carried out on specimens from each state to characterize the structural, colorimetric, and mechanical properties; and PMRN agents were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire to investigate the perception of comfort, protection, and satisfaction of their uniforms. As a result, it was possible to verify structural similarity between the PMMG and PMSC uniforms, and some significant differences regarding the PMRN uniform; in the behavior of the tissues in the mechanical properties, the PMRN uniform obtained greater resistance and elongation; and the satisfactory performance in dry fastness and dry friction and unsatisfactory in wet friction fastness for the three uniforms. From the perspective of PMRN agents, they reported feeling dissatisfied and unprotected with the current uniform, having a negative perception in most aspects of comfort, protection, and satisfaction. Such results demonstrate that these garments are closer to conventional fabrics, and cannot be considered technical textiles and also do not meet the demands of the PM. Regarding the specific uniform of the PMRN, it is possible to indicate that it is not yet adequate and does not have functionalities and that there is a need for further studies and improvements to meet these aspects and ergonomic requirements.
2	LUCÍLIA DE ALBUQUERQUE REIS E FONSECA Study of Technical Properties of the Protection Foot shoe. Advisor : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS JOSÉ DE ANCHIETA LIMA Data: May 3, 2021 Show Abstract The objective of this work is to study the technical properties of the protective footwear used by the Federal Highway Police and compare the results with the values determined in the NRPRF-019.2015 standard, which brings the minimum conditions required for making the protective footwear. For the Federal Highway Police, this study will serve as a basis for improving their protective footwear, since in 2015, an investment was made to make a new uniform, including operational footwear. This study was carried out using two shoes with 15 days of use in order to compare with other new shoes, without use. It was observed that the footwear with little time of use had presented deformities in its structure, such as fraying of the seam in the points that suffer great tensions, especially in the region of the pipe where the mooring hooks are found, as well as between the seam of the external part with the inner part of the pipe. In view of these results, the sewing margin and the type of sewing stitch used in that region were analyzed. The seam margin was measured using a millimeter ruler, while the type of stitch was observed with the naked eye, in order to verify if it would be a tension-resistant stitch. Color variation tests were carried out using a reflectance spectrophotometer in the regions of the barrel, tongue shoe, and collar, as well as hydrophobicity tests in 07 sections of the new footwear. The results obtained showed that in relation to the seam margin, since it is a polyester fabric, it should be at least 1.5 cm from the edge; in the color variation test, he observed that there was color variation in the collar and the barrel part, both located at the back of the shoe, indicating that he was motivated by being a region more exposed to light, on the other hand, the results of the hydrophobicity showed that the external parts meet the standard perfectly.
3	MIGUEL HIGINO NETO Development and characterization of polycaprolactone/chitosan blends with N-methyl-D-glucamine by Solution Blow Spinning method for application in cutaneous leishmaniasis Advisor : SALETE MARTINS ALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SALETE MARTINS ALVES JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS FABIO ANDRE BRAYNER DOS SANTOS Data: Sep 3, 2021 Show Abstract The concern with a rapid healing of chronic wounds, such as those observed in skin lesions caused by Leishmania parasites, has become the reason for several study groups to develop high-performance dressings. This new approach to textile nanotechnology seeks to develop dressings that promote the controlled release of drugs directly to the wound site more quickly and effectively. This study aimed to develop nanofiber blends using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) technique, based upon the combination of the biopolymers Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Chitosan, with the incorporation of N-methyl-D-glucamine, the drug of choice for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Initially, a solution was prepared containing the concentration of 25% (w/v) and 75% (w/v) of Chitosan and PCL, respectively, diluted in 99.8% glacial acetic acid. In a second solution, under the same conditions described above, the drug N-methyl-D-glucamine at a concentration of 6.7% (w/v) was included. Both solutions were homogenized by stirring a magnetic bar for 24 hours at room temperature. After obtaining, the solutions were transferred to a syringe attached to the ejection pump to obtain the nanofiber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to characterize the nanofibers. The release of NMDG from this new drug delivery system was analyzed using visible light spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The production process developed in this research allowed to obtain blending scaffolding by combining the biopolymers PCL and Chitosan, without and with the drug N-methyl-D-glucamine, using the solution blowing technique (SBS). From the SEM analysis, it was possible to observe significant differences in the mean diameter of the scaffolding blends, which showed values of 320.9 ± 93.5 nm in the nanofiber without drug and 365.8 ± 113.2 nm for the nanofiber with the drug (p <0.001). The FTIR characterization indicates in the fibers the presence of functional groups characteristic of each material used and produced, allowing to detect the incorporation of the drug with an increase of 6.2% in the transmittance of the nanofibers. The mixing of two polymers proved to be an effective technique to obtain a new material with desirable properties, which may be relevant to optimize drug incorporation the drug delivery, and targeting properties. The study also proved the effectiveness of the SBS technique for obtaining nanofibers with chitosan. Although in vitro biological activity studies are necessary to prove the biological application of nanofibers, our data point to the promising use of PCL / chitosan nanofibers incorporated with NMDG for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
4	FELIPE MENDONCA FONTES GALVAO OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATION OF A SUPERHYDROPHOBIC AND SUPERCAPACITIVE NANOCOATING OF GRAPHENE/FLUOROPOLYMER VIA SPRAY MIST ON POLYESTER FABRIC Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA ELISAMA VIEIRA DOS SANTOS PIERRE BASILIO ALMEIDA FECHINE Data: Sep 17, 2021 Show Abstract Our knowledge of the fundamental structure and bonds of graphene oxide, as well as the scope of its applications, such as in the fields of physics, chemistry and materials science, have had significant scientific growth in the last decade. After 17 years of its discovery, advanced studies of its application in renewable energies, energy storage, heterogeneous photocatalysis, sensors, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, antennas, composites and others, have made this material one of the objects of study and obtaining numerous patents currently. Advances in these areas were driven by improvements in the methods used to synthesize and characterize graphene oxide (GO) as well as its reduced phase, RGO. Thus, this work performed the synthesis of GO by the Humme's method and then the reduction of this graphene oxide (RGO) with different reducing agents: ascorbic acid, sodium hydrosulfite, Goldred JMA and Goldred Eko. The reduced samples were characterized by DRX, RAMAN, FTIR, BET, HRTEM and MEV-FEG. The best, most sustainable reducer was selected and used in all subsequent experimental phases. Thus, this work had as main objective to use an environmentally friendly reducing agent derived from sugars to obtain a superhydrophobic and supercapacitive textile material. A Box-Behken experimental design was applied where the variables evaluated in the application process by the spray coating mist method of the nanomaterials on the polyester fabric were: 2RGO/Fluopolymer ratio (mass/mass) of 1/5, 3/15 and 5 /25; fixation temperature in an infrared vine of 100 ºC, 125 ºC and 150 ºC and fixation time of 2, 6 and 10 minutes, having as response variable the contact angle value, obtained using a goniometer. The PET fabric samples with superhydrophobic behavior and the control were characterized by microstructural and colorimetric modification. It was proven that the PET fabric functionalization method was promising, obtaining a superhydrophobic behavior with a contact angle greater than 150ºC and durable to washing and friction testing. It is concluded that the optimized functionalization method was responsible for obtaining a superhydrophobic textile material capable of industrial application.
5	NATÁLIA DE OLIVEIRA FONSÊCA USE OF THE DMADV TOOL FOR CREATION OF META-ARAMID SANDBAG WITH BIODEGRADABILITY EVALUATION Advisor : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS FRANCISCO CLAUDIVAN DA SILVA IRIS OLIVEIRA DA SILVA RAUL MANUEL ESTEVES DE SOUSA FANGUEIRO Data: Dec 23, 2021 Show Abstract This work proposes the use of textile structures made of meta-aramid fibers in an application of an environmental nature (forest fires), from a subtype of geotextile structures defined as sandbags. The model was developed, theoretically, with a basis for the development of prototypes / new products based on the confection DFSS (design for six sigma) though DMADV methodology and, experimentally, through circular knits composed of 100% meta-aramid yarns 18 and 27 tex. Each yarn count built individual knits and they were cut to dimensions of 15x10 cm and transformed into bags. The central purpose of the work is to analyze what happens with some performance parameters of these fibers and structures after being exposed in uncontrolled natural conditions and to base their application in macro character, from the model developed in the prototype.

2020

	Dissertations
1	CAMILA NILMA DE LIMA OPTIMIZATION OF POLYESTER FIBER DYEING PROCESS USING COUMARIN AS CARRIER. Advisor : FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO CÁTIA GUARACIARA FERNANDES TEIXEIRA ROSSI Data: Feb 27, 2020 Show Abstract The textile industry is largely responsible for generating effluents, and polyester dyeing, the most widely used fiber in the world today, is a major contributor, given that its conventional process typically makes use of highly toxic chemicals. (dyes, surfactants, acids, carriers, etc.) and / or extremely high temperatures. In this context, this work aims to study the implementation of an alternative carrier, coumarin, which allows the dyeing of polyester fiber at temperatures below that used in a conventional process (130 ° C), in order to obtain intense and solid colors and the decrease in the amount of energy used in this process. In the study of the implementation of this alternative carrier, the color strength, uniformity and color resistance of the dyed substrates are evaluated. The samples were characterized for mechanical, morphological, chemical and coloristic properties before and after dyeing. Technologies such as Dynamometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS), Reflectance and Absorbance Spectroscopy were used. The results showed that with the use of coumarin it is possible to increase the color strength of the dyeing by about five times at 90°C and to increase the color intensity at 100°C by approximately three times when compared to the dyes under the same conditions in the absence of dyeing. carrier, with excellent uniformity. However, at temperatures close to 130°C very similar results are obtained in samples with and without the use of coumarin, showing that the kinetic energy of the dye molecules and the opening of amorphous zones at elevated temperatures are essential for greater diffusion of the dye into the fiber.
2	ALINE MEIRYELLE QUEIROZ DE BRITO ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BY MICROEMULSIONED SYSTEM WITH SOLUBILIZED MOMORDICA CHARANTIA EXTRACT FOR POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN SPORT TEXTILES Advisor : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO CÁTIA GUARACIARA FERNANDES TEIXEIRA ROSSI Data: Jun 1, 2020 Show Abstract The scientific and technological evolution of functional textiles has brought a high added value when compared to conventional textiles due to their ability to satisfactorily respond to different needs of their users in different areas such as health, protection and in the sports segment. This research has as objective the production of an antibacterial textile for application in the sports area, from the use of vegetal extracts that are natural and sustainable compounds that have been used in several sectors of the industry, because they have a diversity of properties, mainly, the biological, making them suitable for application in functional finishes in textile materials. The microemulsified system is a method of impregnation and an effective alternative for the solubilization of functional agents, and being thermodynamically stable, it is efficient for long-term use. In this case, for the development of this study it was necessary to obtain the extract of the leaves of Momordica charantia (EMC), as well as the production of the extract mother solution (SME) and its solubilization with different concentrations in a base microemulsion (M) that resulted in samples P1, P2 and P3. The SME sample was characterized by spectroscopy analysis in the infrared region by Fourier transform (FTIR) and critical micellar concentration (CMC). For microemulsions, the characterization techniques performed were: particle size, zeta potential, thermal stress, pH, electrical conductivity, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (MET) and antibacterial analyzes (Staphylococcus aureus, gram-positive), the latter was performed both at the EMC, and at the SME, and at the four microemulsion points. In summary to the proposed objective, EMC, SME and microemulsions P2 and P3 showed positive results against S. aureus, with the P3 microemulsified system being the most effective, with an inhibition halo of 12.5 mm. Therefore, the product developed in this research has potential for application in cationic fibers, promoting the development of functional textiles for the sports area.
3	RIVALDO LEONN BEZERRA CABRAL PLA fibers coated with Quantum ZnO Dots (PQZnO) via Layer-by-Layer for potential Self-Cleaning application. Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA MAURICIO ROBERTO BOMIO DELMONTE FERNANDO DAL PONT MORISSO Data: Dec 16, 2020 Show Abstract With the 4th industrial revolution approaching, using nanotechnology tools as a means to obtain materials with greater functionality and performance has shown that nanoscience is fundamental in the solution and technological innovation. This was evident when several studies used ZnO nanoparticles as the main photocatalyst in processes of degradation of organic compounds in industrial effluents. However, its disposal in suspension in the effluent, linked to the size and shape, raises the cost of application and, above all, brings with it a risk to living beings and the environment. An alternative focuses on the technique of coating nanostructures on textile knitting fabric where it allows application more safely, without losing efficiency and property. Based on this assumption, this work developed a nanocoat with zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnOQD) that was applied on fabric in lactic polyacid knitting (PLA) via LBL (Layer-by-Layer) and submitted it to the process of photocatalysis in water contaminated with Rhodamine B dye. Thus, results obtained by analysis of XRD and HRTEM coupled with SAED, reveal that the synthesis allowed a controllable process of solution quantum dots of ZnO with polycrystalline structure of the Wurtzite type with particle sizes of 8 nm. In addition, XRD, XPS and SEM / FEG micrographs demonstrate the deposition of ZnOQD on the surface of PLA fibers. The photocatalytic activity of the cationic dye Rhodamine B degraded 85% of the dye with the ability to reuse up to 6 cycles.

2019

	Dissertations
1	THIAGO FÉLIX DOS SANTOS STUDY OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE AND PHOTODEGRADATIVE PROPERTIES FOR KEVLAR® FABRICS IMPREGNATED WITH NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. Advisor : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO CLÉCIO JOSÉ DE LACERDA LIMA Data: Feb 22, 2019 Show Abstract The present study aims to study the photo degradation and performance impact properties for kevlar® fabrics impregnated with non-Newtonian fluids (FTS), composed of nanoSilica, PolyethyleneGlycol (PEG) and ethanol under different concentrations. The impregnation process was made by diffusion and fuorlardagem under kevlar® fabrics which were subsequently dried by raining (specifies time and temperature conditions). Initially, we performed a preliminary study, in which case the silane coupling agent was added to the FTS in order to study its influence mainly on the results of impact strength, adhesion and flexibility of impregnated Kevlar® layers. The results demonstrate that the addition of Silane coupling agent provides an increase in strength in the STF response. Reveals improved absorption of impact energy, as well, significant increase in adhesion and reduction in depth of penetration and flexibility. Those results demonstrates that the use of Silane coupling agent promotes greater improvement in the performance of the ballistic penetration resistance of the protective r the composite panels. Results obtained under different FTS compositions and the different orientation of the Kevlar fabric layers, showed that the performance of impact protection depends on the friction between threads, FTS adhesion, knife blade geometry and mainly the absorption and dissipation of the energy residual impact which in turn is directly to nanoparticulate content and consequently inversely proportional to the amount of PEG present in the FTS composition. However, in order to study the influence of the photodegradation phenomena, only the C3 sample was studied, which presented better results of impact performance and the control sample. It was expected that the STF impregnated samples would obtain greater resistance to photodegradation when compared to unimpregnated samples (control) and in which, consequently increased the shelf life of the STF impregnated on the Kevlar samples. The photodegradation resistance was evaluated by impact resistance using the Drop Tower and ballistic tests, spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM, respectivelly.
2	IEDA LETICIA DE SOUZA FERREIRA COTTON FABRIC DYEING WITH REACTIVE DYES USING WATER SEA Advisor : FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE IVAN DE MEDEIROS FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA CLOVIS DE MEDEIROS BEZERRA MAURÍCIO DE CAMPOS ARAÚJO Data: Feb 26, 2019 Show Abstract The textile industry is a sector completely dependent on water for its full functioning, and its productive processes have a very high water cost. In the textile chemical processing area, desizing, bleaching, dyeing and subsequent washes are mainly responsible for the large consumption of water. On the opposite side to this high consumption there is an evident water crisis in the worldwide. Nowadays it’s already reality the shortage in obtaining fresh water, consequence of the pollution, climatic aspects and the little availability of this type of water in the planet. This fact has led many problems to the textile companies, mainly for the preparation, dyeing and printing sectors. Therefore, this work focuses on an ecologically friendly alternative for cellulosic fiber dyeing processes. To evaluate the use of seawater in the dyeing cotton fabrics with reactive dye in three primary colors (blue, yellow and red), comparing them with processes using distilled water. As a result it was possible to observe that seawater in the dyeing process does not detract from important characteristics of the fabrics such as tensile strength and elongation. Besides that, after optimizing the process the sea-dyed samples exhibit good uniformity and satisfactory washing and rubbing fastness properties compared to the conventional process. Thereby, it was verified that the use of marine water in textile dyeing can be a valid alternative with high application potential.
3	RITA KASSIA DA SILVA OBTAINING MICELLAR SYSTEMS OF TYPE O/W WITH ESSENTIAL OILS FOR APPLICATIONS IN TEXTILE MATERIALS Advisor : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO ANDREA LIMA DE SA CÁTIA GUARACIARA FERNANDES TEIXEIRA ROSSI Data: Feb 27, 2019 Show Abstract Essential oils (OEs) are natural products that have a wide range of applications, encompassing different areas of activity. Searching for researchers due to their properties, essential oils have different functions, such as repellency, analgesic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and therapeutic actions. Chitosan (QTS) as a biopolymer of great diversity has effective properties with antimicrobial activity and also chelating action for surface modifications of textile substrates. This is due to the presence of amine groups in their chemical structure, which when acetylated at pH acids become positively charged, giving rise to its chelating action and its surface modifying potential. This work was developed in the production of nanoemulsions using the ternary phase diagram study, to define the ideal setting of the desired formulations, using chitosan as aqueous phase (Fa), a non-ionic surfactant (T80) and the addition of the properties of two essential oils as oily phase (Fo) for the production of nanoemulsions. For the characterization of the essential oils of andiroba (OEA) and lemon grass (OCL) were verified its density, molecular weight and its acidity, saponification, iodine, peroxidation and refraction indices as well as its real antimicrobial capacity. Nanoemulsions, also called micellar systems, were characterized by pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity, zeta potential, DLS, temperature resistance and microbial activity. The nanoemulsion systems used in the functionalization of the 100% cotton fabric by the layer-by-layer method with the purpose of promoting specific functionalities to the textile materials. Functional tissues were characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis to confirm their surface modification and the presence of the characteristic groups of the NEOEs forming components. Their solidity was also analyzed, confirming the permanence and durability of the antimicrobial finishing in the tissues.
4	ALINE GABRIEL FREIRE NANOENCAPULATION OF BIOACTIVE ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE WITH TEXTILE BIOPOLYMER FOR DERMOCHEMICAL APPLICATION Advisor : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO COMMITTEE MEMBERS : JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO JULIANA DE SOUZA NUNES KESIA KARINA DE OLIVEIRA SOUTO SILVA WALDENICE DE ALENCAR MORAIS LIMA MARIA APARECIDA MEDEIROS MACIEL Data: Feb 27, 2019 Show Abstract The use of biopolymers derived from textile fibers in nanostructured complexes to deliver, administration and controlled release of drugs has emerged in several areas of technology. In the cosmetic area, the use of nanocapsules as encapsulating agent of active molecules has the advantage of protection against oxidation, photolysis and hydrolysis, better skin permeation, increased shelf life, controlled release, reduction of skin irritation, improvement of bioavailability, targeting from the drug to the dermis, among others. The extracted silk fibroin in fiber is a promising biopolymer for application in the biomedical area due to its characteristics of biocompatilidade, biodegradability, non-toxicity and microbial resistance. Acetyl hexapeptide-8 or acetyl hexapeptide-3, commercially known as Argireline ® is a synthetic macromolecule developed to mimic the botulinum toxin in the reduction of wrinkles and expression lines. The hexapeptide has a high molecular weight and has hydrophilic characteristic, which hinders the permeation to the deeper layers of the skin, crowding together only on the surface of the stratum corneum. The aim of this study was to develop a nanovetor to the molecule of acetyl hexapeptide using silk fibroin as an encapsulant, for potential implementation in dermocosmetics topical formulations that allow the controlled release of in a deep layer of the skin. The standard techniques have been prepared by the method of dessolvatation with nanoprecipitation in different concentrations. Nanoparticles have been analyzed as the morphology, size, efficiency of encapsulation, active release and cytotoxicity using dynamic light scattering techniques (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy with effect from field (SEM-FEG), absorption spectroscopy in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), cell viability and controlled release in vitro. Nanoparticles obtained had diameters between 70 and 150 nm, with spherical morphology. The FTIR results demonstrated the presence of the drug in the nanosystem. Nanoparticles loaded showed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml 0.05 mg/ml, making feasible the implementation in epithelial tissue.
5	CLARA LUÍSA BEZERRA DE RUBIM COSTA . Preparation and characterization of biodegradable nonwovens Advisor : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE KALINE MELO DE SOUTO VIANA KELLY KALIANE REGO DA PAZ RODRIGUES RENE ANISIO DA PAZ VANESSA DA NOBREGA MEDEIROS Data: Feb 28, 2019 Show Abstract Biodegradable nonwovens based on Polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT) were prepared by solution casting technique in Chloroform. Nonwovens were obtained in the proportions of 20:80, 15:85 and 10:90 polymer and solvent. Non-solvent addition films were also formed: distilled water. The films were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Wettability, TG and DSC Thermal Analysis and Steam Permeation. Crystallographic peaks from both polymers were found and in the solutions containing the non-solvent it was also noted that the peak`s intensity were low. From FTIR, the bands corresponding to C-H, C=O, CH2 e C-O for PBAT and C-H, C=O, CH2, C-O, C-C e COC for PCL were identified. From SEM a dense morphology was visualized for the films obtained only with polymer. There was no major change in the morphology of the films with the presence of the non-solvent, in which the addition form and its dissolution time did not cause considerable modifications in the film morphology. By wettability tests was observed that the non-solvent has influence on the contact angle. Through Thermal Analysis, it was observed that the film, after processing, does not have significant traces of the solvent used, and it is possible to observe that the PCL has a lower thermal stability in relation to the PBAT. Besides, the addition of distilled water in the films did not cause significant changes in the thermal characteristics of the material. In relation to water vapor permeation, it can be said that for hydrophobic polymers, the results were satisfactory, indicating that they may be used in drug permeation. Therefore, biodegradable nonwoves were obtained and analysed
6	CAROLINY MINELY DA SILVA SANTOS EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAYA TREE FIBERS. Advisor : SALETE MARTINS ALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : DANIELA BECKER FERNANDO RIBEIRO OLIVEIRA MARCOS SILVA DE AQUINO SALETE MARTINS ALVES Data: Feb 28, 2019 Show Abstract The present dissertation studied the extraction and characterization of the papaya tree fibers, as well as the influence of the location, size of the papaya stem sample and the percentage of fibers extracted by two extraction methods. After that, the physical-mechanical and chemical properties of the extracted fibers were analyzed and evaluated. In both processes, all the fibers presented cellulose type 1, characteristic of the vegetable fibers, demonstrating that there was no chemical modification of the fibers even when they were submitted to the physicochemical process. The properties of tensile strength were excellents for the fibers obtained by the physico-chemical process (tenacity 25 cN / tex and stretching 1.5% region 2 of the stem), since it allows to control the main variables of the process, thus there is greater performance of the fibers obtained and greater reproducibility of these results. Consequently, it is also in this process that the fibers are more superficially uniform, hydrophilic (contact angle 78.2 ° region 2 of the bast) and with higher crystallinity (65.2% region 1 of the bast). The biological process, in turn, produces fibers with more residues on the surface, with low density (0.64 g / cm 3 region 3 of the bast), with good hydrophobicity (contact angle 98 ° region 3 of the bast) and obtained two times more yield of extracted fibers (14.5% region 2 of the bast) when compared to the physical-chemical process. These results show that from the bast region of the papaya tree, the size of the sample and the type of extraction process (biological and physico-chemical), it is possible to obtain vegetable fibers with higher extractive yield and varied properties. In this way, it favors a greater applicability of papaya tree fibers.
7	RAQUEL DANTAS COSTA Biodegradable non-woven fabrics development and evaluation of medicine incorporation to its structure Advisor : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE COMMITTEE MEMBERS : AMANDA MELISSA DAMIAO LEITE KALINE MELO DE SOUTO VIANA ANTONIO MARCOS URBANO DE ARAUJO RENE ANISIO DA PAZ VANESSA DA NOBREGA MEDEIROS Data: Feb 28, 2019 Show Abstract Non-woven fabrics were obtained using the phase inversion method using the solvent evaporation technique from Polyacid Lactic/Poly (Adipate Co-Terephthalate Butylene) blend (PLA/PBAT) and the incorporation of a compound composed of Calcipotriol Hydrate and Betamethasone Dipropionate. The incorporation method of the drug according to it dissolution time was evaluated and the nonwoven were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, water vapor transmission and wettability. In the superficial SEM, a predominantly dense structure was observed in all samples. When analyzing transversely, elongate inclusions, characteristic of the blends, were observed in the systems with pure polymer, and in the membranes with drug included, the image shows uniformly distributed pores. By DRX the characteristic peaks of PBAT and PLA in the pure membrane were visualized and after the incorporation of the drug there was an increase of the respective peaks, indicating the effectiveness of the incorporation. The FTIR analysis showed that the bands increased with the addition of the drug, demonstrating that the drug was incorporated into the PLA/PBAT matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of the drug decreased the thermal stability of the nonwoven, suggesting chemical interaction between the polymer and the drug. Wettability tests showed the presence of the drug alters the hydrophobicity of the system. From vapor transmission, a satisfactory flow was obtained, in accordance with the suggested need. Thus, the obtained non-woven fabrics are indicated so that they can be possibly used in a controlled drug delivery system.
8	LARISSA PAULA ALVES MAURICIO Characterization of Nanostructural Changes in Hair Fibers with Conventional and Professional Treatment Advisor : SALETE MARTINS ALVES COMMITTEE MEMBERS : SALETE MARTINS ALVES JOSE HERIBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO JULIANA DE SOUZA NUNES SÍLGIA APARECIDA DA COSTA Data: May 8, 2019 Show Abstract Hair treatments have the purpose to protect and treat the threads of external aggressions and chemical processes. However, due to the increasing technological advance it is necessary to be aware of the choice of the ideal treatment for the type of damage that exists. This work aims to analyze the products available in the market both professional and conventional hair nutrition applied in numerous chemical processes, which is justified by the difficulty of finding scientific information on treatment protocols. Samples of virgin hair and smoothing, dyeing and discoloration processes were analyzed before and after changes caused by different conventional and professional hair nutrition treatments. In addition to verifying the efficiency of hydration treatments after such nano-residual damage caused by these chemical processes separately. For capillary characterization, X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopic techniques were used, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for morphological analysis. This research demonstrated, through vibrational spectroscopy, a predominant difference between virgin and chemically treated hair. After the treatments it was possible to observe that several important bonds were modified, such as the S-S, SO3, C-H, C = O bonds as well as the secondary structures of proteins that underwent changes in their conformations. The results demonstrate that the chemical processes modified the conformational structure of keratin, and that the sum of these is harmful to the fiber, chemically and physically modifying the capillary structure. Although such products are intended to positively change the structure and appearance of the hair, they result in some undesirable damage. Vibrational spectroscopy together with scanning electron microscopy was effective tools for the analysis of the level of capillary fiber wear. It is inferred that the electron microscopy confirmed that the chemical treatment that stood out in the performed analyzes is the professional product more specifically in the process of greater degradation of the fiber that was the discoloration followed by dyeing. This demonstrated that the professional treatment caused a different pattern of morphological deformation on the capillary surface at levels higher than expected reaching to restore cuticle cells.
9	ADAIR DIVINO SILVA BADARÓ STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PLASMA WITH DIFFERENT GASES ONSOLID WASHING OF PERMETRINE INSECT REPELLENTAPPLIED ON POLYESTER FABRICS Advisor : MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR COMMITTEE MEMBERS : MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA IVAN ALVES DE SOUZA RUBENS CAPISTRANO DE ARAUJO Data: Aug 2, 2019 Show Abstract Throughout the history of mankind, textiles performed various functions from protection to fashion. Globalization has had a big influence on the evolution of functional textiles for health protection. One of the effects of globalization is the demand for prevention of mosquito bites, which can cause an unpleasant sensation and transmit vector disease such as dengue, malaria and other diseases to mankind. For the WHO (World Health Organization), vector-borne diseases account for about 17% of all infectious diseases, leading to more than 1 million deaths each year. The lack of vaccines and methods to treat diseases makes sting prevention the most effective health protection. The application of mosquito repellents on the skin has limited protection effect. Based on this the WHO advises to treat the fabrics of clothing with repellent agents, as it is a very efficient way of avoiding mosquito bites. The substance that has been shown most efficiently in the mortality of disease transmitters is permethrin, which is an odorless and biodegradable synthetic insecticide derived from the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. It is the only one in its use as contact insecticide neural toxicity and as insect repellent and low toxicity in mamifers. The polyester fabric was the fiber used because the synthetic fibers are more than 55% of the products of the textile industry and exceed the production of natural fibers, in addition to the properties of high modulus and strength, stiffness, elasticity, resistance to wrinkling and abrasion , relatively low cost and ease of recycling. based on the low affinity between polyester and permethrin the process of surface modification by plasma was adopted, therefore, it is a clean and innovative technique to improve the quality of the product. The treatment of textile plasma is obtained by modifying the surface without modifying the basic properties of the materials. The process was carried out with the gases O², N² and mixture of 70/30 O² / N². With the objective of making chemical and physical changes in the surface of the textile material. Then a solution of 200g / l of permethrin in foulard was applied, followed by drying and polymerization. Part of the samples will be washed 10, 35 and 60 times for comparison with untreated samples on the efficiency of the process with respect to the anchoring of permethrin in the polyester fibers. Analyzes such as the XPS will evaluate the change in the chemical chains of the material, the FTIR will evaluate the maintenance of the permethrin in the fibers of the samples through the characteristic peaks. The SEM will evaluate the surface of the material. With this data it will be possible to identify and control each process and what its interference on the textile material.

2018

	Dissertations
1	FERNANDA DE MELO FERNANDES GETTING THIN FILMS OF COPPER BY CATHODIC CAGE IN GLASS AND FABRIC ANALYZING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL JET VARYING THE THICKNESS OF THE LID AND THE DEPOSITION PARAMETERS Advisor : THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA COMMITTEE MEMBERS : THERCIO HENRIQUE DE CARVALHO COSTA MICHELLE CEQUEIRA FEITOR IGOR OLIVEIRA NASCIMENTO ROMULO RIBEIRO MAGALHAES DE SOUSA Data: Jan 22, 2018 Show Abstract The deposition of thin films by plasma improves various physical, chemical and biological properties of surfaces that contribute to the ennoblement of the materials. The objective of this work is to study the deposition kinetics of thin films of copper on glass and fabric substrates using the cathodic cage technique, changing the thickness of the cage lid and its relation with the variation of the power of the treatment. Owing to the high temperature inside the cage, the tissue samples were fixed to the upper flange of the reactor, and the glass was positioned both inside and outside the cage, thus analyzing the deposition of the internal jet and external the cathodic cage. Copper films are characterized as good electrical and thermal conductors, which justify their use inmicroelectronics, and according to the U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) there are 282 types of bactericidal copper alloys, enabling their use in sterile environments. Thus, depositions of thin films of copper were carried out on glass, polyamide and polyester samples, varying the process parameters and the thickness of the cage lid. The characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FRX), Field-Scanning Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Microanalysis by Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmittance and Spectroscopy of X-Ray Excited Photoelectrons (XPS). The results showed that, after treatment, all samples, both glass and fabric, obtained copper in their structure, that is, it was possible to perform deposition on the substrates regardless of the location of the same, relative to the cage. However, the internal samples obtained a higher rate of deposition.